23. B. v inealis, Braun. Allied to M. fallax, : plants more
robust, shorter, in small reddish ferruginous tufts : leaves
spreading or subrecurved, erect-incurved, imbricate when dry,
the upper flexuous at the acute apex, more narrowly lanceolate
from the ovate base ; costa brown, subexcurrent ; cells of the
basilar areolation broader, rectangular, chlorophyllose, the
upper minute, round, inflated or very slightly papillose ; perichætial
leaves longer, half-sheathing, more abruptly narrowed,
subulate : calyptra reaching the middle of the capsule, subulate-
beaked : capsule narrowly elliptical-oblong, regular or slightly
incurved, reddish-brown, on a strong purplish pedicel ; lid” nar-
rowly conical, obliquely rostrate ; teeth shorter, paler, twisted
once or once and a half around; basilar membrane short,
punctulate; annulus double, broader. — Brid. Bryol. Univ.
i. 830 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 148 ; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am.
Exsicc. (ed. 2), n. 130. Tortula vinealis, Spruce ; Lindb.
Trichost. 249, and Bot. Notis. 1865, 77.
Hab . Moist or shaded rocks, California (Bigelow, Bolander, Watson) ;
very common in California and extremely variable.
24, B. flGxifolia, Hamj>e, Differs from L . vinealis in the
leaves crisped when dry, reflexed when moistened, the borders
revolute, the capsule narrower subcylindrical, dark red or brown,
and the teeth much twisted. — Linnæa, xxx. 456.
Hab. On the ground in the Sierra Nevada, California, at 3,500 feet
altitude (Bauer); common in Caiifornia (Bolander).
From the examination of a large number of specimens we find, contrary
to Hampe’s description, the operculum sometimes as long as or even
longer than in B. vinealis. The author says tliat it is only one-third of
the length of the .capsule, and that the teetli of the peristome are reddish,
then white or very variable in color, and he compares it to B. semitorta,
Sulliv., from which it is very distant. This and other species of the
B. vinealis group are most difficult to separate, and their number may be
either reduced or indefinitely increased.
25. B. v ire sc en s, Lesq. Differs from 7?. vinealis in its
longer stems, dark brown in the lower part, pale green above,
the leaves longer-lanceolate from the base, undulate, with borders
revolute to the apex, the areolation twice as large and
composed of oval or round distinct cells, the perichætial leaves
open, the lid shorter, the peristome less closely twisted, and the
annulus broader. — Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. xiii. 4.
Hab. On rocks among redwoods near Oakland, California (Bolander).
This species is intermediate between B. flexifolia, Hampe, and B. semitorta,
Sulliv. It differs from the last in the revolute borders of the
longer leaves, the peristome longer twisted, and attached to a broader
basilar membrane.
26. B. c y lin d r ic a , Schimp. Much like 7?. vinealis, differing
in the more slender flexuous stems, the lower leaves distant,
long-lanceolate, the upper close, lanceolate at base, narrowly
lanceolate and subulate above, recurved when moist, somewhat
twisted when dry, deeply concave, verruculose, the
borders recurved toward the base, the costa narrower, the
perichætial leaves similar, the capsule slightly longer, cylindrical
or subelliptical, the peristome twisted, and the annulus composed
of a triple row of cells. — Syn. (ed. 2), 208. _B. vinealis,
var. flaccida, Bruch Æ Schimp. Bryol. Eur. Tortula insulana,
DeNot. (?). Tortula cylindrica, Lindb. Bot. Notis. 1865, 76.
13. jBeecheyi, Lesq. ; Watson, Bot. Calif, ii. 372.
Hab. Same as the last, and often mixed with it.
As Schimper remarks, it is difficult to separate this species from the
loose forms of the preceding. The capsule is longer and has a longer
pedicel. This and the following, considered as varieties of B. vinealis,
were mixed and distributed in Sulliv. & Lesq. Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsicc.
(ed. 2), n. 131, as B. vinealis, var. flaccida. We have more recently
received for comparison an original specimen of Tortula insulana, De
Not., which apparently differs in its sliorter more ovate cylindrical capsule,
and the borders of the leaves reflexed from below the middle only.
It seems, therefore, to be a distinct species, but the specimen is incomplete,
the capsule being old and empty.
27. B. e la ta , Dur. & Mont. Plants dirty yellowdsh green,
stronger, dividing by two innovations from below the flowering
apex : leaves appressed, slightly crispate at the apex, open,
erect when moist, loosely imbricate, the lower smaller, narrowly
lanceolate, acute from the decurrent ovate enlarged base ;
borders entire, revolute from above the base to near the apex,
where they are flat or slightly recurved ; upper leaves much
longer, linear-lanceolate from the ovate base, acute or blunt at
the apex ; cells of the areolation larger, quadrate, pellucid at
base, very small, opaque, minutely papillose above ; perichætial
leaves lanceolate-subulate from the enlarged base, with a
loose pellucid areolation : capsule elliptioal-oblong, large, dark
purple, like its pedicel ; lid long, of the same color ; annulus
pale, compound. — PI. Alger. ; Muell. Syn. i. 620.
Ha b . Near San Francisco (Bolander), mixed with the two preceding
species.