i
The more distant leaves, less open, recurved when moist, the stem-
leaves ovate, decm-rent at base, and especially the larger broader capsule
with longer twice-twisted teeth, etc., separate this species from B. vinealis.
The above description, made from the examination of a large number of
specimens, slightly differs from that of Mueller. But this author has
compared specimens and confirmed tlieir identity with the foreign plant.
28. B. ru b ig in o sa , Mitt. Closely related to the preceding
in the form and areolation of the leaves, and to B . vinealis
in the size and mode of growth, but differing from both in the
leaves merely appressed and curved when dry, in the much
shorter lid, whose length is half that of the capsule, in the
absence of a peristome, and in the annulus composed of a triple
row of cells. — Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 27, t. 5. Pottia rubiginosa,
Watson, Bot. Calif, ii. 362.
Ha b . Northwest America (Douglas).
29. B. s em ito rta , Sulliv. Plants short, simple, loosely
cespitose : upper leaves longer, tufted, erect, half-clasping at
base, horizontal, linear-lanceolate, with flat borders and a thick
percurrent costa : calyptra long and narrow, twisted ; lid enlarged
at base, subulate, blunt at the apex, slightly inclined : capsule
erect, regular, cylindrical-oblong ; teeth long, half-twisted ;
annulus simple, narrow, persistent. — Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 186, t. 3.
Hab. Near Benicia, California (Bigelow).
Comparable to B. bracliyphijlla, Sulliv., with which it is mixed, differing
in the shorter calyptra descending only to the base of the longer lid,
the peristome less twisted, the leaves tufted at the top of the stems,
squarrose-spreading, gradually tapering from near the base and not
abruptly narrowed to the apex.
30. B. a r to c a rp a , Lesq. Densely cespitose ; stems slender,
short, generally simple : lower leaves short-ovate at base, lanceolate
above, shortly cuspidate by the stout excurrent costa, the
upper longer and longer lanceolate-subulate ; cells of the areolation
small, round-quadrate above, rectangular and slightly
broader at base ; perichætial leaves large, clasping at base, contracted
above, subulate, erect : capsule ovate-cylindrical, short,
slender, contracted at the orifice ; lid with a long-suhulate more
or less curved beak ; teeth slender, whitish, once twisted ; annulus
simple, persistent. — Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. xiii. 4; Sulliv. &
Lesq. Muse. Am.-Bor. Exsicc. (ed. 2), n. 133.
Ha b . On the ground, Monte Diablo, California (Bolander) ; Monterey
(Watson). Resembling the following species in aspect, the characters of
the leaves, and form of the capsule, which, however, is annulate.
31. B. g ra c ilis, Schwaegr. Densely tufted ; plants short,
olive or dusky green, simple or with few innovations : leaves
open, erect, strict, loosely imbricate when dry, smooth, ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate by the excurrent brown stout costa;
borders revolute from the base to the middle ; areolation round,
minute hut distinct, rectangular at the base ; perichætial leaves
large, reflexed on the borders, with a long flexuous point : capsule
small, ovate-oblong, solid, more or less incurved; lid narrowly
rostrate ; teeth short, reddish, twisted ; annulus none. — Suppl.
i. 125, t. 34; Bryol. Eur. t. 145. Tortula gracilis, Schleich.;
Lindb. Trichost. 249.
H a b . Crevices of limestone rocks, Brattleboro, Vermont (Frost).
Distinguished from B. fallax especially by the suberect straiglit leaves,
the long-cuspidate perichætial leaves, the shorter small capsule, etc.
§ 5. CoNVOLUTÆ. Plants densely cespitose: leaves bright or
yellowish green, chlorophyllose, twisted when dry ; basilar
areolation loose; perichætial leaves long-sheathing or con-
volute: capsule small, elliptical-ovate, subincurved, brown;
teeth of the funnel-like purple peristome very lotig, twisted.
32. B. co n v o lu ta , Hedw. Plants short, in dense tufts,
bright green above : leaves open when moist, twisted w'hen
dry, narrowly lingulate-lanceolate, with flat borders, acute or
apiculate by the excurrent costa ; basilar cells quadrangular,
the upper close, round, subopaque, minutely papillose ; perichætial
leaves convolute, the upper closely sheathing, obtuse or
short-apiculate : capsule oblong-cylindrical, incurved, reddish
brown, on a long yellow pedicel ; annulus large, compound,
revoluble. —Muse. Frond, i. 86, t. 32; Bryol. Eur. t. 154.
Tortula convoluta, Schrad. ; Lindb. Trichost. 248.
H a e . On the ground; British America (Drummond) ; Raccoon Mountains,
Alabama (Lesquereux); Enon Valley, Pennsylvania (James); Oakland
(Bigelow), and on burned trunks, XJkiah, California (Bolander).
33. B. Closteri, Aust. Known only from sterile plants,
and closely related to the last, characterized, according to the
author, by its sublinear or oblong-lanceolate subcarinate remarkably
granulose leaves, very slightly recurved on one of the margins
below the middle, with a minute hyaline point; leaves
often strongly recurved at the apex. — Coult. Bot. Gaz. i. 29,
and iv. 30.
H a b . N e w Jersey (Attstin); Gainesville, Florida (Earenei). In Eau
& Hervey’s catalogue united with B. Cruegeri, a very different species.