shorter. — Bryol. Univ. ii. 122; Sulliv. Icon. Musc. Suppl. 57,
t. 41. Polytrichum. dentatum, Menz. Trans. Linn. Soc. iv. 80,
t. 7, %. 4; Schwaegr. Suppl. ii. 2. 11, t. 155. Polytrichum
capillare, var. oxycalyx, Lindb. 1. c. 137.
H a b . Northwest coast {Nelson, Menzies) ; Alaska (Bischoff).
From a comparison of specimens received from Hampe of the true P.
dentatum, wliicli exactly corresponds to Scliwaegriclien’s figures, it is
evident tliat tliis species is closely related to P. capillare, if not a’ mere
form of it. — (Sullivant.)
5. P . co n to rtum , Lesq. Plants large, gregarious or loosely
cespitose, glaucous-green above, brown below ; stem simple or
with an innovation from under the perichætium, loosely and
irregularly foliate its whole length : leaves erect, open, twisted
when dry, the lower short, gradually longer upward, all linear-
lanceolate, scarcely enlarged at base, sharply serrate to the base ;
costa percurrent, sparingly dentate on the back; perichætial
leaves similar: calyptra covering the whole capsule: capsule
ovate, cylindrical or obovate, erect or somewhat curved, somewhat
consti-icted under the orifice when dry; pedicel long,
flexuous ; lid convex at base, rostellate. — Mem. Calif. Acad. i.
27 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 58, t. 42. Polytrichum contortum,
Menz. 1. c. 78, t. 7, fig. 2; Schwaegr. Suppl. i. 2. 325, t. 96.
Pogonatum latérale, Brid. Bryol. ii. 111. P . dentatum, Lesq.
1. c., in part.
H a e . Alaska (Kellogg); northwest coast (Menzies); Columbia River
(Hall); clay banks in dense shaded woods, near Crescent City, California
(Brewer); Rocky Mountains (Perry).
6. P. a tro v ire n s , Mitt. Stem simple and long : leaves
spreading, subcrispate and incurved when dry, broadly lanceolate,
acute from an enlarged appressed base, serrate on the borders
nearly from the base, dentate on the back : capsule short-
pedicellate, oblong, erect ; lid convex, short-rostrate. — Journ.
Linn. Soo. viii. 49.
H a b . Sitka (Barclay).
Differs from the last in tbe leaves more abruptly pointed, enlarged at
the base and sheathing, witb tlie basilar areolation more distinct.
§ 2. U r n ig e e a . Stems long, divided above and dendroid.
7. P . u rn ig e rum , Beauv. Stems dividing by more or less
numerous lateral innovations (2 to 10), all fertile: lower leaves
very small, squamiform, the upper crowded, open, appressed
when dry, linear-lanceolate, serrate from the slightly enlarged
sheathing base, glaucous-green or light brown ; perichætial
leaves longer-sheathing, narrower : calyptra descending to
below the base of the capsule : capsule ovate-oblong, papillose,
not deformed when dry ; lid plano-convex, straight-beaked. —
Prodr. 85 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 417. Polytrichum urnigerum, Linn.
Sp. PL 1109; Undb. 1. c. I l l aud 134.
H a b . Woods, on sandy ground; mountains and hilly regions.
Very variable, especially in tbe size and length of tlie stems. A variety
from Alaska lias very short stems, and a short oval capsule, witb tlie
aspect of the European P. nanum, Neck.
8. P . alpinum, Koehl. Loosely and irregularly cespitose ;
stems flexuous or erect, black, triangular : leaves open, recurved
or subsecund, from a white shining long-sheathing base, long
and narrowly linear-lanceolate, concave, sharply reddish-dentate,
spinulose on the back near the apex : capsule long-pedicellate,
cernuous or inclined, turgid-ovate or oblong, with a short spurious
neck, yellowish green when filled, ferruginous when empty ; lid
small, with a long oblique beak; teeth very irregular.—
Deutschl. FL ed. 2, iii. 59 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 418. Polytrichum
alpinum, Linn. 1. o. ; Lindh. 1. c. 110 and 129.
Var. arcticum, Brid. Plants slender, less divided : capsule
longer, cylindrical, subarcuate. — Bryol. Univ. ii. 131. P. arcticum,
Koehl. Polytrichum sylvaticum, Menz. 1. c. 88, t. 7, fig. 6.
Var. septeutriouale, Brid. 1. c. Stems sparingly foliate :
leaves shorter, subsecund: capsule erect, ovate-globose. — P .
septentrioncde, Roehl.
Y^ar. brevifolium, Brid. 1. c. Stems erect ; branches few
and short : leaves densely crowded, imbricate, short, rigid, yellowish
green: capsule very small, globose or larger and oval-
globose.— Polytrichum brevifolium, R. Brown, App. Parry’s
Voy. Suppl. 294.
Var. simplex, Schimp. Very small ; stem simple, scarcely
1 c.m. long : leaves short, imbricate, erect when dry : capsule
short-pedicelled, ovate or subglobose. — Syn. 442.
H a b . Wet rocks and sbady grassy banks, in mountains.
9 7 . POLYTRICHUM, Linn. (PL 3.)
Plants growing in wide and large tufts, from radiculose
creeping shoots. Stems , erect, simple, woody, triangular, the
male continuous from the middle of the flowers. Leaves as in