or lanceolate-subulate at the apex; reticulation more dense.
Flowers monoecious ; male flowers gemmaceous, capituliform,
sessile in the axils of the leaves or terminal on separate branches.
Calyptra conical, cucullate, inclined. Capsule thick, with a
solid thick generally long apophysis covered with stomata.
Teeth of the peristome shorter, higeminate, solid, dark purple,
reflexed when dry. Spores very small.
1. T. a n g u s ta tu s , Bruch & Schimp. Tufts compact,
green outside, ferruginous within ; stems slender, varying in
length, much divided : leaves soft, passing from the oblong base
into a very long yellowish flexuous subulate point, serrate-
dentate from below the middle ; costa excurrent into the point :
capsule short-pedicellate, small, with larger pyriform apophysis ;
lid highly convex or obtusely conical; teeth approximate in
pairs. — Bryol. Eur. t. 288; Schimp. Syn. 303. Splachnum
angnstatum, Linn. fil. Meth. Mnsc. 33; Hedw. Muso. Frond, ii.
87, t. 12. S. setaceinn, Michx. FI. ii. 287.
Hae. 'White Mountains; Adirondacks; Lake Superior; Eocky Mountains
; not rare.
2. T. mnioides, Bruch Æ Schimp. Plants more robust:
leaves close, imbricate, obovate-oblong, very concave, more or
less abruptly narrowed into a flexuous yellowish acumen;
borders entire, yellow ; costa percurrent : pedicel longer, solid,
dark orange, purple when old, enlarging above into an ohconioal-
ohlong dark purple apophysis longer than the fawn-colored oval
capsule, which when empty is cylindrical and narrower than the
apophysis; teeth linear-lanceolate, first joined in fonrs, then bifid,
orange-colored. —Bryol. Eur. t. 289 ; Schimp. Syn. 304. Splachnum
mnioides, Linn. fil. 1. c. 16 ; Hedw. Muso. Frond, ii. 35,
t. 11. S. iirceolatum, Hedw. 1. o. 39, t. 13.
Hab. Catskill and Adirondack Mountains ( Olney, Lesquereux) ; Wliite
Mountains (James); Rocky Mountains (Drammoiid) ; Sitka (Harrington).
3. T. a u s tra lis , Sulliv. & Lesq. Tufts more or less compact;
plants soft, slender, green above, brownish and radiculose below,
simple or sparingly fastigiate-ramose : leaves soft, distant, erect,
long-lanceolate, gradually narrowly acuminate, distantly and
coarsely dentate, sometimes nearly pinnatifid, rarely entire;
costa ending with the apex; areolation very loose, oblong-
hexagonal : flowers monoecious and dioecious ; male flowers
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discoid, capituliform, terminal on separate smaller more slender
plants, or gemmiforrn and axillary on the fertile ones : calyptra
conical, not sjilit, scarcely covering the hemispherical-conical
obtusely apiculate lid ; capsule oblong-oval, -small, its apophysis
a little broader and longer than the sporangium, gradually
narrowed to a thick pedicel less than a c.m. long; teeth joined
in pairs, attached near the orifice. — Muse. Bor.-Am. Exsicc. n.
151 ; Sulliv. Mosses of IJ. States, 53, t. 4, and loon. Muse. 97,
t. 58. Splachnum setaceum. Hook. & Wils. in Drumm. Muso.
Am. (Col. II.), n. 27.
Hae. Swamps near the coast, from New Jersey to Florida; especially
common in cedar swamps on the dung of mules. Also found on Isle
Madam, Cape Breton [J. A. Allen).
4. T. u rc eo la tu s , Bruch & Schimp. Tufts compact, solid,
yellowish green on the surface, pale brown or reddish and
densely radiculose within : leaves loosely imbricated, oblong or
obovate, subeochleariform, abruptly narrowed into a flexuous
awn-shaped point, very entire ; costa very nai'row, ending below
the point ; cells rectangular, narrow, thick-walled : male flowers
at first terminal, then thrown aside and lateral by innovations :
calyptra comparatively large, split and laciniate at base, straw-
colored : capsule short, cylindrioal, slightly longer than its broad
obovate apojihysis, becoming broader and black with age, narrowed
to a thick short pedicel; teeth short and geminate, narrow,
orange-colored. —■ Bryol. Eur. t. 209.
Hab. Alpine regions of the Eocky Mountains (Drummond); Colorado
(Doimue); rare.
6 9 . SPLA CH N UM, Linn. (PI. 4.)
Plants mostly annual, loosely cespitose ; branches soft, slender.
Lower loaves distant, o]ien, the upper tnfted, with a soft costa
and areolation very loose. Flowers dioecious, rarely monoecious,
the male terminal and discoid, on slender naked branches.
Calyptra small, conical, slightly split or mostly entire at base,
soft and fugacious. Capsule long-pedicelled, small, oval or
short-cylindrical, or with a larger apophysis increasing after
maturity, becoming pyriform or globose or umbrella-shaped and
diversely colored. Columella capped, generally exserted after
the separation of the lid. Teeth of the peristome 16, linear.
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