34. B. a g r a ria , Hedw. Monoecious : plants short and
simple, closely tufted, with few leaves : leaves close, erect,
spatulate-lanceolate, involute on the borders ; costa yellow, ex-
current ; cells of the basilar areolation large, the upper smaller,
hexagonal, not opaque ; inner perichætial leaves two, convolute,
rounded to a blunt apex, loosely radiculose : male flowers on a
short basilar branch, with leaves convolute, acuminate, erect :
calyptra long-beaked, reaching to the middle of the capsnle :
capsule annulate, ohlong-ovate or subcylindrical and slightly incurved,
dark red, on a comparatively long reddish pedicel ; lid
long, narrowly conical ; peristome twisted to the left. —• Muso.
Frond, iii. 17, t. 6 ; Muell. Syn. i. 604. Bryum agrarium,
Swartz, Prod. 139.
Hab. On stones and stone walls; Key West, Florida {Pourtales,
Gai-ber, J. Donnell Smith); Apalachicola {Drummond).
This species, generally found in the West Indies, is referable to a separate
section, Ilyophiladelphus, Muell., related to the Convolutoe, especially
by the involute stem-leaves and the convolute perichætial ones. Its
monoecious inflorescence and the flat teeth twisted to the left are characters
at variance with those of that section.
35. B. Raui, Aust. Plants very short, gregarious, subcespitose
: leaves tufted, crispate, spatulate-ovate, cymbiform,
concave, acuminate or apiculate, smooth, flat on the borders ;
costa stout, subexourrent ; basilar areolation loose, the iii^per
obscure, of nearly round unequal cells ; perichætial leaves
thinner, convolute, often blunt, thinly costate : flowers dioeoious,
the male plants much smaller than the fertile ones, with leaves
obscurely erose-dentate and distinctly costate : calyptra reaching
the middle of the capsule, which is on a very slender jiedicel
1 c.m. long, erect, cylindrical-ohlong, costate when dry; lid
long-conical, rostrate, erect; teeth long, closely twisted; annulus
narrow.— Bull. Torr. Club, vi. 43.
Hab. On rocks, Matagorda County, Texas (E. G. Bechdolt).
36. B. Donnellii. Dioecious : stems 2 to 5 m.m. long :
leaves involute, crispate when dry, open, spatulate-oblong or
ovate-lanceolate, acute or submucronate, deeply canaliculate-
concave, somewhat scabrous on the back, obscurely serrulate at
the apex; costa stout, subpercurrent: frnit unknown.— Tortula
Bonnellii, Austin, Coult. Bot. Gaz. iii. 31.
H a e . Banks of the St. Lucie Eiver, Florida, with B. agraria (J. Donnell
Smith). Apparently a variety of one of the two preceding species.
§ 6. Toetuosæ. Plants more robust: leaves lotiger, linear-
lanceolate, Jlexuo'us, cirrhate-crispiate when dry ; basilar
areolation loose, hyaline : capsule thin ; basilar membrane
none or scarcely visible.
37. B. cæ sp ito sa , Schwaegr. Monoecious: plants loosely
cespitose, variable in size, soft : leaves long-linear, mucronate
by the strong yellowish costa, more or less undulate: male
flowers in axillary short pedicellate buds of two or three leaves :
capsule ohlong-ovate, more or less incurved, subcylindrical, gibbous
at base, reddish, on a long flexuous pedicel, twisted when
dry ; teeth very long, purple, twice or thrice closely twisted ;
annulus none : spores minute, greenish, translucent, smooth. —
Suppl. i. 120, t. 31 ; Sulliv. Mosses of U. States, 27. B. cirrhata,
Brid.; Bryol. Eur. t. 149. B. humilis, Hedw. Spec.
Muse. 116, t. 25. Tortula humilis, Brid. ; Lindb. Trichost. 251.
H a b . Roots of trees in grassy places; common, especially in the hills
of the Southeastern States, and very variable.
38. B. to rtu o s a , Web. & Mohr. Dioecious; in large, more
or less compact tufts ; stems generally long (two to four c.m.),
dichotomous, tomentose-radiculose toward the base : leaves
densely imbricate, twisted-crispate when dry, spreading and
flexnous when moist, linear-lanceolate, undulate from a thin
pale colored base, short-cuspidate by the stout excurrent costa ;
perichætial leaves erect, half-sheathing, narrowly acuminate,
whitish: capsule ovate or oblong-cylindrical, more or less
arcuate, soft, yellowish when full of spores, browm -«'hen old ;
lid narrowly conical-rostrate ; teeth very slender, much twisted ;
annulus none. — Bot. Tasch. 205 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 151. Bryum
tortuosum, Linn. Tortula tortuosa, Ehrh. ; Lindb. Trichost. 253.
H a b . Goat Island, Niagara Falls; Lancaster, and Alleghany Mountains,
Pennsylvania; Ontario, Canada; New Brunswick, etc.
39. B. frag ilis, Bruch & Schimp. Dioeoious: widely cespitose
; stems erect, close and straight, simple and dichotomous,
tomentose-radiculose at base : leaves densely imbricate and
appressed, lanceolate-subulate by the excurrent semiterete
whitish costa, flat and crenulate on the borders, thin and
hyaline at base, minutely areolate, densely chlorophyllose and
papillose on both faces in the upper part : capsule regular or
slightly incurved, pvate-oblong ; lid oblique, long-beaked from a
conical base ; teeth very slender and papillose, twisted two or