and shorter mamillate lid. A marked variety from Florida may be a distinct
species. It has longer narrower leaves, very flexuous and nearly
twisted, deeply dentate, and with stronger percurrent costa. The long
slender pedicellate capsule, with a short obtuse lid, is generally gibbous
on one side, widely enlarged at the orifice and cnpuliform when empty.
Another variety, Gymnostomum tortlpes, Brid., has long flexuous slender
stems, with distant narrowly lanceolate acuminate leaves dentate at the
apex, the pyriform capsule distinctly inflated at the colluin and narrowed
at the orifice.
4. P. Hookeri, Hampe. Much like small forms of P . pyi-i-
forme, from which it differs in the broadly oval gradually acuminate
leaves, with borders entire or very slightly serrulate
below the apex, by the protrusion of the marginal cells, the
quadrate smaller upper cells, and the short thick pedicel of the
oval obconical capsule, which is slightly constricted under the
broad orifice, rugose and gradually passing into a thick undefined
collum. The annulus is thick, broad and persistent,
adhering to the orifice or falling piecemeal. — Icon. Muso. under
t. 30. Gymnostomum turbinatum, Michx. FI. Bor.-Am. ii. 286.
G. latifolium, Drumm. Muse. Amer. n. 16; Schwaegr. Suppl.
iv., t. 804, B. F . latifolium, Lindb. Ofvers. Akad. xxi. 595
(1864). F. Mans, Lindb. Manip. Muse. i. 51 (1870); Sulliv.
Icon. Muse. Suppl. 26, t. 16.
Hab. Wet meadows and marshy fields, in the Western States, often
mixed with P. pyriforme.
5. P. a c um in a tum , Bruch & Schimp. Plants shorter
than in F. pyriforme, generally stouter and less divided: the
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, concave, very entire or obscurely
serrate at the apex, yellowish-margined at the base; costa percurrent
or excurrent: calyptra large, sometimes persistent after
maturity of the capsule: capsule spherical with inflated collum,
constricted under the orifice when empty; lid short, convex,
apiculate : spores large. — Bryol. Eur. t. 300. Gymnostomum
acuminatum, Schleich. Cat. PL Ilelv. ed. 4, 40.
H ab. Texas {Wright); Illinois (E. Hall).
6. P. tu rb in a tum , Muell. ined. Plants cespitose, much
divided, straw-color; leaves open and flexuous, oblong and narrowly
lanceolate, distinctly acuminate by the excurrent costa,
entire at the apex; areolation smaller and more compact: male
plants terminal: capsule long-pedicelled, broadly ovate-turbi-
nate ; lid small, rostrate.
Hab. Texas {Boll).
Prom imperfect specimens kindly communicated by Mueller we find
that, as in P. acuminatum, the leaves are entire at the apex, or nearly so,
and the form of the operculate capsule is nearly the same. It differs,
however, in the larger leaves, not ovate but rather linear, the capsule
longer-pedicellate, without collum, and the lid longer-mamillate or obtusely
rostrate. The stems are much longer and more divided; the male
branches long, like the fertile innovations.
73. ENTOSTHODON, Schwaegr. (PL 4.)
Plants annual or reproduced by innovations, simple or branching.
Leaves variable, even in the same sjiecies, with a loose
hyaline soft areolation. Flowers moncecious, terminal, the
male on the primary stems, the fertile on the innovations;
antheridia short; paraphyses inflated at the apex. Calyptra
vesiculose-cuoullate, long-heaked, shining. Capsule thick, subcernuous
or pyriform in connection with its collum; marginal
cells rectangular, in many transverse series; lid small, planoconvex.
Peristome attached far below the orifice, either very
rudimentary, or, as in all the American species, of 16 distantly
articulate teeth, trabeculate on the inside, narrow, confluent at
base. Annulus none. Spores large.
1. E. Drummondii, Sulliv. Plants cespitose, gregarious,
yellowish green ; stems very short: leaves tufted, obovate,
lanceolate or lingulate-lanceolate, concave, more or less distinctly
crenulate by the prominence of the yellowish marginal
cells: capsule short, symmetrical, oblong-pyriform and enlarged
at the orifice when empty; pedicel comparatively long, flexuous;
lid convex, apiculate; teeth linear-lanceolate, dark red, granulose,
striolate lengthwise; articulations distant: spores reddish
brown, subpapillose. — Mosses of IJ. States, 51, t. 4, and loon.
Muse. 91, t. 55 ; Sulliv. & Lesq. Muso. Bor.-Am. n. 156'’- E.
obtusifolius, Hook. & Wils., Drumm. Muse. Am. (Coll. II.)
n. 36; not of Hook. fil. Funaria Drummondii, Lindb. Manip.
Muse. i. 62.
Hab. Moist clay soil, Louisiana (Drummond);, near Montgomery,
Alabama (Sullivant); rare.
2. E. Bolanderi, Lesq. Plants gregarious; stems longer
than in the last species : stem-leaves very few, the upper loosely
tufted, ohovate, lanceolate-acuminate, with borders entire,