geminate, orange-colored, formed of a double lamina, the outer
thicker and papillose, the inner loosely and thinly areolate.
Spores very minute.
1. S. W o rm sk io ld ii, Hornem. Monoecious: perennial, in
soft dense tufts reddish and radiculose within; steins very
slender, dichotomous: leaves very soft and loosely areolate,
oval, muticous or more or less long-acuminate, narrowly costate:
male flowers terminal on long slender branches : capsule small,
elliptical or subglobose, about as long as the ovate apophysis,
shorter and turbinate when empty, first green, then dark brown,
stomatose ; columella not exserted from the empty capsule ; teeth
small, yellow, subequidistant. — FL Dan. t. 1659; Bryol. Eur.
t. 291.
H ab. Peat bogs of Arctic America, Greenland, etc.
2. S. s p h æ r ic um , Linn. ill. Dioecious : loosely cespitose,
annual ; stems short : lower leaves small, ovate-acuminate, the
upper much larger, broadly obovate from the narrowed base,
acuminate, entire or obscurely dentate: capsule oval, fuscous;
apophysis broader, subglobose, dark red, shining, perforated
by stomata in its upper part; pedicel long, slender, flexuous;
lid convex, mamillate ; teeth large, linear, obtuse, approximate
in pairs, orange. — Meth. Muse. 33, t. 1, fig. 1; Bryol. Eur.
t. 292.
H a b . Rocky Mountains (Drummond).
3. S. v a s c u lo s um , Linn. Dioecious: biennial or perennial ;
tufts soft, bright green: leaves large, distant, the lower suh-
orbicular, the upper broadly obovate, obtusely acuminate, entire ;
costa ending below the apex : male plants more slender, with
smaller and more distant leaves : capsule short, cylindrical, red-
orange, on a large spherical minutely tuberculose dark purple
or bhiish black apophysis, irregularly wrinkled when dry ; lid
hemispherical, yellow ; teeth in pairs, short, orange-colored. —
Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1572 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 294.
Hab. Hudson’s Bay (Drummond); Sitka (Bischoff).
4. S. am p u lla c e um , Linn. Monoecious and dioecious :
loosely cespitose ; stems generally short, annual or biennial :
lower leaves lanceolate, the upper obovate, long-lanoeolate,
acuminate, more or less coarsely serrate above, very soft, pale
green: capsule small, narrowly oval, cylindrical, yellowish;
apophysis large, enlarged upward, pyriform, soft and fleshy,
i
purple when old, gradually narrowing to a long purple pedicel ;
lid higlily convex or short-conical, obtuse ; teeth approximate
or united in pairs, yellow.— Sp. PI. 1108 ; Bryol. Eur. t. 293.
Ha b . Cranberry swamps of Ohio, New England, Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, and northward ; rare.
5. S. ru b rum , Linn. 1. c. Dioecious: loosely tufting,
annual ; stems short : leaves large, open, recurved at the apex,
enlarged in the middle from a narrowed base, more abruptly
narrowed and lanceolate, long-acuminate upward, distinctly
serrate from below the middle : male plants much smaller, with
smaller leaves : capsule small, oval-truncate, thin, membranar
ceous, dirty yellow; apophysis very large, campanulate,
umbrella-shaped, purple, on a very long reddish pedicel ; lid
highly convex ; teeth 16, large, densely articulate, joined in
pairs at base and sometimes at the apex, the dividing line
effaced at the apex. — Bryol. Eur. t. 295.
Ha b . Rocky Mountains (Drummond); Maine (A. Young).
6. S. lu teum , Linn. 1. c. Differs from the last only in the
leaves not as coarsely dentate, and the umbrella-like apophysis
convex and bright yellow ; the teeth are a little narrower. —
Bryol. Eur. t. 296. S. nielanocaulon, Schwaegr. Suppl. ii. 1.
28, t. 109 ; Mitten, Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 22.
Hab. Western North America, from several collectors, according to
Mitten, who states that specimens collected by Burke in the Rocky Mountains
show an extraordinary variation in the capsules.
T k ibb X. PHYSCOMITRIEÆ.
Plants annual, rarely biennial, small, gregarious or subcespitose,
of soft texture, sparingly branching by innovations.
Leaves comparatively large, soft, composed of large thin
hyaline hexagonal or rhomboidal-oblong cells, and with a thin
loosely areolate coSta, ohovate or spatulate-acuminate.
Flowers monoecious or dioecious, the male discoid, axillary,
terminal only in young plants. Calyptra tetragonal, vesicular
when young, cucullate or mitriform. Capsule oval or spherical,
erect, regular or cernuous-gibbous ; the sporangium free,
adherent to the capsule by filaments. Lid convex or mamillate.
Peristome none or simple or double.
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