school and a farmers’ school (A) and, in addition, a winter-course a t the so-called
“upper division” of a couple of People’s high schools which impart instruction
in Swedish, German, mathematics, physics, and biology.
Applicants for admission to the experts’ Course must have passed the course
for agriculturalists and have obtained at least distinction in certain of the principal
subjects, besides possessing a good knowledge of German.
The Agricultural High Schools are real State institutions, situated on farms
belonging to the State.
The members of the Board of each High School are appointed by the_Gov-
cmment, and the lectors, too, are nominated by the same authority; the assistant
masters, on the other hand, are appointed by the Board.
During 1914, the total number of pupils at both High Schools together
was 120.
The Agricultural High Schools are governed by the Regulations of Aug. 12,
1912.
Farriery Schools: In addition to the institutions for teaching agriculture
should also be mentioned the farriery schools.
At present there are three such schools: at Stockholm, Skara, and Alnarp.
That at Alnarp was established in 1863 on the initiative o f' 0 . Pehrsson-Bendz,
a pioneer in the field of rational farriery. Up to 1913, it was supported by the
Agricultural Society of Skane Lan, but since the beginning of the year mentioned
it has been in enjoyment of a State grant, the same as the other two
schools have. The military farriery courses formerly held at this school are now
given at the various regimental stations.
At the farriery schools of the Veterinary High School, Stockholm, which, as far
as buildings and appliances are concerned, is the principal one in Sweden and is
fully equal to the best farriery schools abroad, there are held every year two
courses, each lasting 3 Vs months, for the training of civil farriers’ (“capable of
performing farrier’s work unaided”). From 10 to 12 pupils can be received in
each course, the requirement for admission to which is a knowledge of smithing
(the pupil must have worked at least one year in a smithy). In future,
4-months’ courses will be held for the training of military farriery instructors.
The pupils taking part in these courses are farrier-eorporals, or non-commissioned
officers who have previously gone through a military farriery-course and
have afterwards served with a cavalry regiment.
At the Skara Veterinary establishment two courses are held yearly; one a four-
months’ course for civil farriers, and the other a course of equal length for
training military farriery instructors.
At Alnarp there are three courses of three months each every year, intended
for the training of civil farriers.
For the exercise of the farrier’s profession, it is not necessary in Sweden to
have enjoyed a course of instruction in farriery and to have passed an examination,
but anyone may carry on the business of a master-farrier.
For instruction in dairy-farming, see p. 118.
Veterinary Service.
Administration. The veterinary service of Sweden is under the superinten-
dance of the Royal Medical Board which, in collaboration with the Governors
of the various Ians, is entrusted with its direction, in accordance with the regulations
issued for the Board dated Dec. 31, 1900, and also with certain ordinances
relating specially to the veterinary service. Since 1901 a veterinary
surgeon has been an ordinary member of the above-mentioned Royal Medical
Board and since 1905 this official has been assisted by an amanuensis, also a
veterinary surgeon.^ Since the beginning of 1914 he has also been assisted by
a Bureau veterinary surgeon.
In accordance with a Royal Rescript of June 17, 1908, the Royal Medical
Board of Health possesses a special establishment called “The State Veterinary
Bacteriological Institute’' (Statens veterinarbakteriologiska anstalt), which, at present,
is at the Veterinary High School, for the purpose of carrying out scientific
investigations and other work falling within the province of veterinary science,
especially bacteriology and pathological anatomy.
The combating of cattle-tuberculosis, as far as this is carried out by means
of tests with tuberculine and the measures in the farm-yards which are involved
by these tests, ■ is in the hands., of the Board of Agriculture. Since the
year 1908, this Board has among its members a certified veterinary surgeon,
in the capacity of provisional member, whose . task it is to report on tuberculine
measures. He is assisted by another veterinary surgeon as expert in matters
tbldo with tuberculosis.7
Certain preparatory measures in connection contagious cattle-diseases lie in the
province of the Chairman of the Local Board of Health and of the Communal
Boards in the various parts of the country. -
The training of .veterinary surgeons: is carried out at the Veterinary High
School in Stockholm (Regulations of Oct. 30, 1914.) The High School, is superintended
by a Board of Directors, consisting. of five persons appointed by the
Government.. During 1913 the instruction at. the High School was given by 15
teachers, viz., 5 professors, 2 lectors, 1 adjunct, 4 experimenters, 1 extra teacher,
and 2 assistants. During .1913 the number of pupils amounted to 117 in all.
During the year in question 16 pupils passed the complete .examination for veterinary
surgeons. The course is calculated to cover 4 years, but, as a rule, 5
years are required to pass the examination.
The veterinary establishment at Skara, the oldest veterinary school in Sweden,
was founded in 1772 and subsisted until 1889 when it ceased to be a veterinary
training institution and was reorganized as a farriery school, with a veterinary
surgeon at its head.
Course for candidates for the post of lan (provincial) veterinary surgeons
(Lansveterinaraspirantkurs). In accordance with the regulations .of the Royal
Rescripts of Nov. 22, 1901, and Oct. 23, 1908, and with the .circular issued
on Jan. 15, 1909, by the Royal Medical Board based on these rescripts, there is
arranged- every third year at the Veterinary High School a special course for
the purpose of training certificated Veterinary surgeons in the subjects which
are,of special importance for future provincial veterinary surgeons.
In accordance with the instructions for veterinary surgeons now in force, and
dated Dec. .31, 1912, only such pupils as have gone through this , course, and
passed the examination which concludes it shall be competent to apply for a post
as provincial veterinary surgeon.
Every no\y and then, “repetition-courses” for veterinary surgeons of long standing
are given at .the expense, of the State, These courses, to o ,. are held at the Veterinary
High School, ff
Travelling studentships. In 1904, the. Riksdag granted a sum of . 2 200
'ronor, to be awarded yearly as bursaries to certified veterinary surgeons who
wish to pursue their studies abroad.
The organization of the veterinary service. In the 24 Ians of Sweden there
are . 32 provincial veterinary surgeons, one in each of 16 Ians and two in each