before the introduction of the malt-tax, the number of small-beer breweries
was estimated to be about 400, instead of the more than 900 that they afterwards
proved to be.
The report for the taxation-year 1912/13 shows that lager-beer forms the
greater part of the liquor manufactured in the breweries paying excise, or 40 '2 %
of the whole, while pilsener-beer comes next, with 23'6 %. It is also seen that
porter is manufactured chiefly in Gothenburg; lage>beer mostly in Southern and
Western Sweden; pilsener-beer mostly in Stockholm and Norrland, lager- and
pilsener-small-beer mostly in Stockholm and Gothenburg. Of the largest breweries
subject to the payment of excise, 4 are situated in Stockholm and 2 in Gothenburg;
altogether these used a total of 10 591 820 kg of Inalt, or 39'3 % of all the
malt used in the country, and paid in excise 2 382 118'60 kronor, or 43 ‘9 % of
the entire excise paid in the country. Of the breweries subject to excise, the
greater number (119) are situated in the towns, while 71 are situated in country
districts. The strength of the wort amounted on an average to the following fi-
gures for:
Porter ....................................................... 17‘5—19 0 % Balling
Lager-beer. ............................................110—12’5 > >
Pilsener-beer ........................................10*5—1 15 , _ >
Lager- and pilsener-small-beer........................ 8 o-ffl9'0 » »
Small-beer........................................................... 4'0— 5'5 » >
The average price of barley amounted to about 16 kronor, and of hops to
about 350 kronor per 100 kg. With these prices of barley and hops, it is
estimated that the cost of ingredients for:
1 liter lager-beer amounts t o 7-0 6re
1 > pilsener-beer amounts t o J ij >
1 > lager- and pilsener small beer amounts to . . . . 5 o »
Of the excise-free breweries, 534 used malt to a weight of not more than
20 000 kg, from which it may be seen that, on the whole, the small-beer industry
is carried on as an inconsiderable handicraft.
The following raw materials have been used at the breweries liable to the
payment of excise.
Taxation-year Malt Hops Sngar-colonring Sugar and
kg kg . kg syrup, kg
1903 (1903/04) . . . . 33 856 188 495 544
1904 (1904/05) . . . . 540 612 972
1905 (1905/06) . . . . 35 555 821 523 179 18 595
1906 (1906/07) . . . . 34 767 682 526 229 25 072
1907 (1907/08) . . . . . . 33 626 107 507-117 27 789
1908 (1908/09) . . . . 30 314 639 452 983 23 653
1909 (1909/10) . . . . 25 102 061 378 759 22 902
1910 (1910/11) . . . . . I 26875 392 407 575 22 039
1911 (1911/12) , . . . . . 25 992 833 383 292 18 812
1912 (1912/13) ? . . . 398 880 17 224 _
At the breweries exempt from excise:
1903 (1903, 0 4 ) .................... 12 562 641
1904 (1904/05).................... 11547 087
1905 (1905/06).................... 11734 238
1906 (1906/07) . . . . . 10 570 337
1907 (1907/08).................... 10575786
1908 (1908/09).................... 8774 928
1909 (1 9 0 9 /1 0 )................. 9176 784
1910 (1910/11).................... 9 688 305
1911 (1911/12).................... 9 032 818
1912 (1912/13).................... 9 093 284
64 264 194 962
61060 193 956 _
65179 201175
60 061 186 948 30533
62197 190182 155 073
54 773 161101 157 313
55 010 170 419 184 077
59 617 188 349 248 310
53 789 186 257 313 828
54140 195 260 331 573
In general, 100 kg of barley give 78 kg of dried malt. The total amount
of malt used during the taxation-year 1912/13 corresponded, accordingly, to
about 46 000 000 kg of barley, or nearly 15 / of the total barley-crop of Sweden.
The consumption o f malt-liquors is given below.
1903 (1903/04).
1904 (1904/05) .
1905 (1905/06).
1906 (1906/07).
1907 (1907/08) .
1908 (1908/09) ,
1909 (1909/10) :.
1910 (1910/11) .
1911 (1911/12) ,
1912 (191-2/13) .
Porter Beer, all Lager- and pilsener Small beer
hi kinds, hi small beer, hi hi
44 030 1182 990 177 858 1 770 680
54 853 1293 316 183 892 1675 506
58 829 : 1245 653 190 633 1797 904
66 277 1 230 871 181756 1673 000
60 386 1161002 207 084 1 690125
51072 1 065 627 203 064 1414 865
33 627 871443 148 601 1527 491
42 466 933 943 158 785 1 635 751
41 944 904 689 146 845 1564 838
44 848 962 290 149 253 1588 759
• Malt-manufacture. The malt required for the brewing industry is, for
the most part produced at the breweries themselves.
Malt extract and maltose-compounds were made at two factories in
1912, to a value of 29 500 kronor.
Mineral waters and cooling drinks.
Since the middle of the seventies there have existed firm foundations for the
work carried on by these factories, thanks to A. T. Almen’s valuable comparative
researches regarding the character of natural and artificial mineral waters.
A distinction must be made between medicinal waters, prepared from distilled water
and the necessary chemically pure salts, by which they are given exactly the
same composition as the corresponding natural waters, and cooling drinks, in
the preparation of which less care is observed. It is not too much to say that
the medicinal waters made at the best-/ factories in Sweden are of the very
finest quality, and that, owing to their uniformity of composition, they are even
superior to the corresponding natural waters. The waters produced by the
Chemists’ Mineral Waters Manufactory (Sw. Apotekames Mineralvattenfabrik), in
Stockholm, have gained considerable recognition.
There are, too, a large number of natural springs in Sweden, containing
chalybeate waters of medicinal virtue, which are bottled and sold; such are
the waters of Porla, Eonneby, and Karlstad. The two last-named are exceptionally
rich in iron. There are also other springs which contain iodine, sodium
carbonate, and sodium chloride, though only in small quantities.
Among cooling drinks may be reckoned lemonade and fruit-drinks, in the
manufacture of which, however, artificial essences are now largely used, instead
of natural fruit-juices.
In 1912, the total number of factories engaged in this industry amounted
to 250, with a total production-value of 4 545 000 kronor. In addition, mineral
waters and lemonades were manufactured at a number of country breweries.
Tobacco.
The earliest mention of tobacco in Sweden is in 1629. In 1640 the imports
probably amounted to about 36 000 kg, and as early as 1641 the so-called “So-
derkompaniet” (Southern Company) obtained the exclusive privilege of importing
tobacco. In 1662 a kind of State-monopoly was introduced, so that the trade