T able 11. Crops o f the various Cereals, Quintals.
Annually Total Wheat- Rye Barley . Oats Meslin Leguminous
crops 1
1801—10 . . i 6207 000 162 000 1950 000 2 000 000 1200 000 640 000 1 255 000
I 1811—20 . . 1 6918 000 198000 2 240 000 2 200 000 1 300 000 700000 1 280000
1821—30 . . 1 8 132 000 300 000 2 800 000 2 300 000 1400 000 842 000 1 490 000
1831—40 . . > 8644 000 350 000 3 150 000 2 250 000 1 550 000 869000 1 475 000
1841—50 . . 110290000 430 000 3 470 000 2 700 000 1 940 000 1100 000 1 650000
1851-60 . . 1 13 545 000 620 000 4 550 000 3 080 000 3 480 000 1185000 1 630000
I 1861—70 . . 1 15400 000 700 000 4 550000 3 000 000 5600 000 1010 000 1 540 000
1871—80 . . 18926024 914 000 4 952 000 3 417 540 7 736 320 1139 310 766 854
| 1881—90 . . 21 382 170 1018 000 5 267 000 3 361 550 9 604 670 1401150 729 800
I 1891—00 . . 23429 000 I 233 000 5 806 000 3145 000 10 748000 1843 000 654000
1901—05 . . 21 385 866 1361774 5 550 367 2 829 588 9 263649 1 959 024 421 464
1906-10 . . 25 392 030 1 918 903 5 938 652 2 996 291 11232 282 2 769 511 536 391
1 1911 . . . . 24 778031 2 178 439 5 929 490 2 894 012 10 395 400 2 843 941 536 7491
1912 . . . . 27 519900 2122 060 5 861480 3 082 150 12 739 260 3 200 440 514 5101
1913 . . . . 1 30712330 2 539 180 5 655 830 3 682 110 14 488 290 3 810 900 536 020
1 There are no figures for vetches.
average for Europe (lO'l quintals per hectare); this is especially true for comparison
with the Latin and Slav nations, while in the case of the other Germanic
countries the comparison goes , against Sweden.
The differences that exist in respect to the cultivation of cereals within the
various parts of Sweden, a country of such great extent and variations in the
character of the land, are very great, however, whether we regard the proportions
they bear of the total cereal-crops of the country or the returns per area-
unit (Table. 10). The first place in both respects is taken by Malmohus Lan,
which, with a little more than one-tenth of the cerealproducing land o f the
country, yields a larger and more-even harvest than any other lan in Sweden.
It alone produces more than one-third of the wheat, and about one-quarter |pf
the barley and the meslin which is harvested in the country. As regards
the return per hectare, it approaches the most productive countries Sof
Europe. Among the other more important cereal-producing parts of fhe
T able 12. Crops of Cereals in quintals p e r hectare.
A n n u a l l y Wheat Bye Barley Oats Meslin Leguminous
crops I
1801—1 0 ........................................I G ’6 11-3 131 110 11-9 142 1
i 1811 2 0 ...................................... 12-2 11-9 13-0 U-o 1 1,1-5 13*5
1821 30 ........................................ 150 12-4 12-5 9-7 10-5 14*0 I
1831 40 ........................................1 1*8 H a 11-8 9-7 10-3 13*8 j
1841 50 ........................................ 154 130 135 10-7 12 2 16-2 !
1851 60 ........................................I I 6'1 14-3 14-0 . 12-8 12-2 140
1861 70 . . ................................ 13’® j 13-0 13-8 12-6 12-5 130
1871 80.......................v • • • ■ 1*° 13-8 14-7 13-2 14-3 149
1 1881 90 ............................... 13-9 13-8 14 9 13’1 14-7 12-9
: 1891 00 ........................................ I 7'1 14-3 14-3 131 154 12-9
j 1901 05 ....................................... 16 8 13-5 13-3 11-2 14-3
i .1906 10 ........................................ 21-0 14-6 15'6 140 17-9 13*1
19U ........................• ■ ■ ^ 5 14-8 160 13 2 17-4 131
| 1913 (preliminary)........................j 20'9 15'4 21-6 17-8 21-4 13 8
T able 13. Harvests in Different Countries, 1901—101
All kinds of grains Harvest in quin tals per hectare 1 Pot- .
atoes
thousands
of
hectares
harvest,
thousands
pf
quintals
quintáis
per
hectare
. wheat
and
. spelt
•rye barley oats j
quintá
is per
hectare
1
Belgium........................... 706 16 446 23 3 23-6 21-7 27-3 241 160-1
Holland............................ 445 8 814 19-8 22-4 ■ 16-7 26-0 220 132-2
Great Britain & Ireland 3191 61040 19-1 21-4 17-6 19-1 18-4 135-0
Denmark . . . . v - . 971 17 863 18-4 27-8 17-3 20-7 16-9 124-5
German Empire . . . . 13 866 245 329 17-7 19-6 16-8 19-0 18-3 1351
Norway . . . . . . . . . 158 2 457 15-6 159 16-0 17-7 14-7 144-8
Sweden ............................ 1511 20 548 •13-6 T8-8. 14-1 14-4 12-6 96-6
France . . . . . . . . 12 932 164 507 12-7 13-6 10-6 12-9 120 84-6
H u n g a ry ........................ 9 743 121157 12-4 11-9 11-1 12-2 10-7 77-1
Austria............................ 6 431 78 745 12-2 . 12-8 1.2-4 13-5 10-9 104-fl
R um an ia ........................ 4 916 52 118 10 6 11-8 8-8 9'6 8" 5 31-4
Italy . J '. . . . . . . 6 785 69 410 10-2 91 _ _
B u lg a ria ........................ 2120 20 712 9:8 10-1 9-5 10-3 7-9 39-0
Spain................................ 6 846 65131 9-5 90 . 8-2 10-9 7-7
S e r v i a ............................ 1157 10 395 9-0 8-7 6-5 8-1 5-5 32-3
Russia in Europe . . . 79 008 568 187 7-2 6-7 7-2 7-9 7-3 68-8
Europe . . . . . . . . 148 669 1502 212 10-1 9-6 9-2 16-1 10-7 _ 1
Canada ............................ 5 762 76 985 13-4 13-1 _16-1 13-2
U. S. A............................. 73465 990 732 313-5 9-6 9-9 13-8 10-6 .62-3 i
1 According to “Annuaire international de statistique agricole de l’institut international
d’agriculture”. Rome 1912. 2 Wheat, rye, barley, oats, maize. 3 The high general figu-
-s for the harvest of the U; S. A. are due to the maize, which yielded 16'4 quintals per
hqctarh., ,
" ^ aAXVA OJULG J-'J.djLJJ.O OLLLAUU.JUUJJ.Xg
the great-lakes of Central Sweden, together with Gottland and Oland, although,
as regards the crops per area-unit, the regions mentioned do little more
than just exceed the average for the. country. In. this respect, on the other
hand, the Lans of Gavleborg and Kopparberg occupy a prominent place in
spite of their comparatively northerly position, the explanation of this fact probably
being in an essential degree due to their abundant supplies of manure and the
very careful attention paid to its conservation, shown especially by its mixture
with peat- and humous-earth, which has been universally used in these districts
from very early times. But, in other respects too, agriculture in both these
lans has, from early times, occupied a comparatively high position. I f we except
these two lans, the highlands and forest-lands of the country are below the
average of the cultivated plains of Sweden, both as regards the area producing
cereals and as regards the relative amount of the ceteal-harvests.
The share of the various hinds of cereals in the harvests of the country has,
during the course of time, undergone considerable change, as may be seen by
lable 1 1 and the diagram p. 49, below1.
In earlier times, barley was the grain that was most cultivated in Sweden, but
1 has gradually become of lesser importance, so that, at the present day, only a
-comparatively small area of cultivated ground is devoted to this cereal, with the
exception only of Upper Norrland where its earlier ripening gives it an
a vantage over other kinds of grain. In extensive tracts of the four northernu
o t ^ 1r latei aCCOrdinS t0 wei9ht. In 1560 according to H. Forsell’s calculations, which do
the r,lt^ ace • ProvInces which, at that date, belonged to Denmark or Norway, otherwise
1' occupied by the wheat would be a somewhat more prominent one.