1-4 million kronor. It manufactures rifles and carbines for the Government.
Tbis and the Huskvarna arms factory are the only rifle factories
in the country.
Gold, Silver, and Tin (pewter) Articles.
The official statistics for 1912 include 19 gold and silver factories, with
776 employees and a total output of 2 817 000 kronor. With regard to the
manufacture of gold, silver, and tin articles in the Kingdom quantitive returns
are also available as far hack as 1754, that is to say, probably going further
back than in any other country. As early as the middle of the eighteenth 'Century,
hall-marks were introduced in Sweden for gold, silver, and tin articles. This
hall-marking, which was effected by the Kontrollverhet (Assay Office), was employed
for the articles manufactured in Sweden from 1754 to 1913 to the
extent shown by the following table, the quantities being given in kilograms.
Annually Gold Silver Tin Annually Gold Silver Tin
1754—60 . . . 10-69 3 302 54344 1851—60 . . . 127-88 4 812 4 780
1761—70 . . . 8-29 2 900 52 408 1861—70 . . . 14519 3 014 2 490
1771—80 . .- . 9-74 2 763 51 259 1871—80 . . . 259-65 2 570 828
1781—90 . . . 19-64 3476 33 375 1881—90 . . . 292-51 1630 290
1791—00 . . . 100-83 5154 28148 1891—00 . . . 449-62 2 910 90
1801—10 .- . .. 120-66 3 397 19 953 1901—10 . . . 772-55 6 621 - 2
1811—20 . . 95-93 3 761 14 277
1821—30 . . . 57-33 3183 10 713, 1911 . . . . . 877-11 . 8 534 .==
1831—40 . . . 70-73 3388 10 445 1912 . . . . . 946-84 9 758 _
1841—50 . .. .- 88-29 3 811 7307 1913 . . . 1008-59 10 336
During th e 170 years from 1754 to 1913, of th e articles manufactured in
Sweden, altogether 29 113'33 kg of gold, 585 626 kg of silver, and 2 744 040
kg of tin, have been hall-marked. (Tin is not to be hall-marked since 1913.)
The production' of gold and silver articles in Sweden has of late years made
marked progress. Among the firms engaged in this industry, may be specially
mentioned Guldsmedsalctiebolaget, Mollenborg, and Hallberg, of Stockholm, and
Dahlgren, of Malmo.
Instruments, Clocks, and Watches.
The manufacture of instruments and clocks has grown to very considerable
proportions in Sweden, and there is an important export trade, as
shown in Tables 95— 97.
In 1912 Sweden possesed 55 musica l instruments factories with 840
workmen and a production value of 3 305 000 kr. Both organ and piano
manufactories have risen to a high state of perfection and the manufacture
of organs is of considerable proportions. 'Special mention may be made
of J. G. Malmsjô aktiebolag and Billbergs pianofabrik in Gothenburg,
Pianofabriksaktiebolaget Gustafson & Ljungqvist in Norrkoping, Aktiebolag
et. Ostlind & Almqvist in Arvika, which makes both pianos and organs,
and Akerman & Lund's organ works in Stockholm.
There are 4 surgical instrument works, with 141 workmen and a production
valued at 474 700 kronor. There is an illustration in the article
“Hygiene and Care of the Sick” (p. I, 277) of an operating table made b y
Alb. Stille in Stockholm; this table is considered as attaining the highest
degree of perfection known.
The Halda Watch Factory.
Scientific instruments (mathematical, optical, physical, etc.) made in.
Sweden have attained a very high standard of technical perfection. Several
of Fr. J. Berg’s instruments are renowned. Mention may be made
of ‘ the levelling instruments, constructed by the founder of the firm
and highly esteemed for their easy manipulation and strength. The
late instrument-maker to the Royal Academy of Sciences, P. M.
Sorensen, of Stockholm, has manufactured a number of exceedingly fine
scientific instruments, among which may specially be remarked A. G~
Theorell’s meteorograph, which registers temperature, barometric condition,
and the velocity’ and direction of the wind, by means of an automatic
pressure apparatus, giving the result, not by means of curves, but o f
ordinary figures. The apparatus, which is one of the most marvellous
of inventions, has come into use in several countries; for example, Brazil
has 4; but, on account of the considerable cost of manufacture, its more
general use is hindered. — The total number of factories employed in the-
manufacture of scientific instruments amounted to 15 in 1912, employing-
178 hands, and with a value of output of 420 600 kronor.
Among the watch and clock manufactories, mention may be made of
the Haldq factory, illustrated above. In Stockholm there are the well