20 II. THE INDUSTRIES OE SWEDEN.
T able 4. Total Income from Beal Property, Capital, and Work.1
Mean popuA.
5 % of the
value of real
B.
Income from
capital and — Total
Per
Annually lation property ¡ | l i i
...... Kronor Kronor Kronor
1866—70 . .
1871—75 . .
1876—80 . .
1881—85 . .
1886—90 9 .
1 1891—95 . .
1896—00 . .
1 1901—05 . .
1906—10 . .
4 166 000
4 274 000
4 500 000
4 605 000
4 742 000
4 832 000
5 032 000
5 230 000
5 429 000
115 977 000
121 320 000
150 565 000
177 271000
192 502 000
209 917 000
236 689 000
286 841000
370 078000
160 427 000
225 098 000
286 286 000
326 976 000
368269 000
437 472 000
602 125 000
839 766 000
1185 807000
276404000
346418 000
436 851000
504 247 000
560771000
647 389000
838 814000
1126 607 000
1555 885 000
28
28
33
38
40
43
47
55
69
1910 . . . .
1911 . . . .
1912 . . . .
1913, . . .
5522 000
5 542 000
5 604000
5 621000
406 684 000
416 920 000
424 279 000
478 881000
1253 993 000 1 660 677 000
1445 851000 1862 771000
1519 007 000 1 943 286000
11655 351000| 2 134 232 000
73
75
76
85
38
53
64
71 '
78
91
120
160
218
227
261
271
295
66
81
97
109
118
134
167
215
287
300
336
347
380
tance buildings on the said sites, and further, premises and buildings on agri
cultural property which are not intended for. agricultural purposes, large fisher
ies and fee-farm rents. Thus all the real property of the realm, except chan
nels of communication (canals and r a i l w a y s ) with th e buildings
them is entered in th e assessment rolls at its estimated value. On th e other
hand, no calculation is made as to the yield of real property in
But this is done in the case of capital and work, the income for every tax
payer being assessed by the same authorities as those just mentioned; this assess
ment takes place annually. - I £ A , \R
In consequence of the different methods of procedure referred to above, it is
not possible to determine the total annual income of the Swedish nation, but
one must content oneself with two incommensurable sets of B B S H H i
hand the value of real property, on the other the m g H B
and public service. It is true that since 1911 (Law of the 28th Oct, 19 )
owners of real property, both landed and other, are taxed for income derived
from such property. However, the incomes thus declared do not yet by any
m e l s coraespond to the real incomes; we must therefore content ourselves with
the data of past years on the one hand as to the value of real property, an
on the other as to income from capital and work.
The results in both cases are_given m summarised form m T a b l e s 3 imo
5 In Table 4 an attempt has also been made to amalgamate the
income and 5 ^ of the assessed value of real property — of course without any
datm in the latter case to give the real net profit, but merely an
idea of the total sum. However, for various reasons, it is probable that the
latter by no means corresponds to the real a n n u a l income of the Swedish
people.
The value of all real property in Sweden has thus from 1862 to 1913
increased from 2 314 to 9 577 million kronor, that is, has been more than
quadrupled. Agriculture, however, shows a comparatively small advance,
from 1 844 to 3 740 millions, an advance which may even, to some
extent, he due to a more accurate valuation (from 1879 onwards). Other
4 The income from real property is here assumed to be 5 % of the assessed value. See
the text on p. 21.
r e a l .property (houses, buildings, factories etc.), on the other hand,
exhibits an increase of value from 470 to 5 837 million kronor, that is,
thirteen times as much.
The income from capital and worlc proves to have risen since the period
1866—^70 from 160 million kronor to 1 655 million kronor, that is more
than ten times as much. The income derived from “business or trade” in
particular has swelled from 93 million kronor to 576 million kronor, that
is, six limes the former amount.
These figures point to an enormous increase during the past generation.
And, even if part of it is to be ascribed to inaccurate assessment during
earlier years of the period, and part to the fall of money value during
the later years of the period, it nevertheless remains an. incontestable fact
that during this time there has been a very considerable advance in the
value of real property and income derived from work.
Not less remarkable than the development which has thus been sketched
is that which is observable with regard to capital in the strict sense, that
is the sums deposited hy the general public in savings-banks and other
banks. The absence of complete statistics renders it impossible to follow
this matter in detail from early years. We know, however, that in 1862
these sums amounted in round figures to 54 million kronor. After that
year the data are, for various reasons incomplete, until in 1874 they include
all banks with the exception of the so-called people’s banks, accounts of
which are not accessible until the years from 1892 onwards. However,
the sums deposited in the people’s banks represent comparatively small
Table 5. Specification of Income from Capital and Work. In kronor.
Annually Prom capital From public
service
From private
service
From business or
trade Total
1866—70 . .
1871—75 . .
1876—80 . .
1881-85 . .
1886—90 . .
1891—95 . .
1896—00 . .
16 831000
18 227 000
22 343 000
26 050 000
27138 000
28 545 000
32 915 000
32 617 000
36 953 000
50 564 000
56 871 000
62 863 000
70 577 000
81 892 000
18162 000
24 079 000
38 418 000
45 538 000
57893 000
83 741 000
136 604 000
92 817 000
145 839 000
174 961 000
198 517 000
220 375 000
254 609 000
350 714 000
160 427 000
225098000
286286000
326 976 000
368 269 000
437 472 000
602 125 000
1901—05 . .
1906—10 . .
49 641000
72 572 000
349 111 000
‘ 577 602 000
441 014 000
535 633 000
839 766 000
1185 807 000
19101 . . .
1911 .
1912 . . . .
1913 . . .
77 821 000
84 443 000
89 036 000
90 041 000
678 885 000
862 314 000
<• 925 305-000
989 388 000
497 287 000
499 094 000
504 666 000
575 922 000
1253 993 000
1445 851 000
1519 007 000
1655351000
It should be noted that the figures of income from capital, business or trade, for
e '"’(nna (figures which, it should be borne in mind, give tbe income of the previous
«-»*7 onlY toil to show the usual rise as against preceding years, bnt actually a
L o o n s i d e r a b l e falling-off, viz. altogether 24 million kronor. This was due to the
!L= f strike of 1909. This was naturally also the case with the income derived from
nf service; but a rearrangement of the “General Summary” (Generalsammandraget)
raxes prevents us from obtaining a clear view of the matter.