X.
INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS.
1. RAILWAYS.
The building of railways was commenced late in Sweden, but csjice
begun, it was continued with great energy. On the whole, the network
of railways in Sweden, such as it is now in the second decade of the present
century, forms the greatest economic.achievement that the nineteenth and
twentieth centuries can boast of in that country.
The real pioneer of railways in Sweden was . Count A. E. von Rosen (IT 97
—1886).‘ In 1845, this nobleman received a concession to build railways in the
central and southern parts of the country, on a magnificent, if also somewhat
ambitious, plan, which, otherwise, in its, characteristic features, is closely identical
with that of the present Government railways. Although von Rosen, on
T able 125. Length of Railways in Sweden.
A t th e end of th e years
S ta te
railway s1
P riv a te
railways T o ta l
Of wh ich in Gauge - -
S outhern
Sweden
North ern
Sweden^ Norm al Narrow
I860 ...................... 303 204 505 375 .132 496 u
1865 . . . . . . . 869 416 1285 1138 147 1177 « 0 8
1870 ...................... 1118 590 1708 1561 147 1 457 251
1875 ...................... 1513 2168 3681 3 344 337 2 996 i: 685
1880 ...................... 1956 3 923 5879 5 075 804 4 6$8 1211
1885 ...................... 2 385 4 505 6 890 5 602 1288 5 508 1382
1890 ...................... 2 613 5 405 8018 6 438 1580 6 343 1 675
1895 ...................... 3 269 6486 9755 7 234 2 521 7744 2041
1900 ...................... 3 849 7 453 11302 8 354 2 948 8 681 2 621
1905 ...................... 4199 8 449 12648 9290 3 358 9 756 2 892
1910...................... 4418 9 411 13829 10 228 3 601 10 551 3 278
1911...................... 4 453 9 489 13942 10 306 3 636 10 636 3306
1912...................... 4 610 9 561 14171 10 367 3 804 10 854 3317
1913...................... 4 688 9 689 14377 10 552 3825 11 010 3367
1 Exclusive of the steam railway-ferry route. — 2 The five northernmost Ians and Koppar-
berg Lan.
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