T able 90. Stone Export. Value in kronor.
Annually To Germany To Denmark To
Great Britain
To other
countries Total
1890 ............................ 2 603 029 597 365 . 278 803 205 071 3 684 268
1895 ............................ 4 299 328 376 238 273 825 311729 5 261120
1900 ............................ 7 553 249 1402 764 855 961 575 414 10387 388
1905 ........................ . 9333163 1122 267 1135 561 1273 352 12 864 343
1 9 1 0 ............................ 7 472 086 1036 943 941 082 3 510 826 12 960 937
1 9 1 1 ............................ 8 213 908 1 239 896 821876 3 691856 *13 967 536
1 9 1 2 ............................ 8 343 561 1225 348 686 398 3 876 703 214132 000
1 9 1 3 ............................ »16 083 000
1 Felspar and quartz to a value of 741 444 kr. not included.
8 » > » » » > > 757 000 > >
s > » > » » » » 866 000 » , » ' »
country, but it chiefly results from the fact that the stone in question received
its final preparation in the foreign market, where it was employed on a steadily
increasing scale, chiefly in Germany. At the present- day, Sweden is one of the
principal stone-exporting countries in the world. Apart from the fluctuations
of the market during the last few years, the value of the Swedish stone-export
has, on the whole, increased, as is seen by Table 90.
* * *
With respect to a number of geological questions connected with the stone
industry, the reader is referred to the article on the geology of Sweden, where
it has been considered advisable to give also some fairly detailed information
respecting the employment of the various classes of stone.
Cement and Mortar.
The manufacture of cement in the form known as Portland cement is
not of very old date in Sweden, though a sort of hydraulic mortar, made
of burnt alum shale powder and lime, was formerly used in connection
with earlier canal structures. Cement was employed as early as 1860 but
then only to the extent of 1 180 tons. The first cement factory in Sweden
was established at Lomma in Skane in 1871, on the initiative of professor
Otto Torell and Otto Fahnehjelm, an engineer. Clay of snitable quality is
to be found there in unlimited quantity, and lime was obtained from the
neighbouring place of Limhamn and sent by sea to Lomma. This was the
beginning of the Scanian Cement Company (Skanska cementaktiebolaget),
the first manager of which, R. F. Berg, has done a great deal towards furthering
the development of the cement industry in Sweden. In Sweden the
natural conditions necessary for the manufacture of cement are amply
satisfied, owing to the great resources of suitable raw material, and, after
the Lomma factory (which was closed in 1904) other factories were started
at Limhamn (established by the Scanian Cement Company), Visby 1885,
Oland 1888, Hallekis 1892, and at Klagshamn and Maltesholm 1898. The
latest factory is the Ifo Cement Factory (1909). The sale of the products
Cement Factory at Limhamn (Skânska Cementaktiebolaget).
of all these factories is negotiated through the Svenska cementforsaljnings-
aktiebolaget (Swedish Cement Selling Co.) of Malmo. Owing to its
excellence, this Swedish cement has obtained a first class reputation, also
for export, at first under the name of lommacement. The output of the
factory at Lomma was at first 20 000 casks of Cement yearly. The capacity
of production of the Limhamn factory is now about 900 000 casks
yearly. When working at full pressure, all the Swedish factories can now
produce about 21/2 million casks yearly. The product was 339 618 tons
T able 91. Cement Industry.
Annually
(Altered statistics from 1896) •
Value of
production
kr.
Imports
kr.
Exports
kr.
Consumption
kr.
1875 . . .
1876—80
1881 85
1886—90
1891—95 .
221 000
398 000
634 000
1063 000
• 1829 000
265 000
285 000
328 000
360 000
' -69 000 •
119 000
204 000
332 000
310 000
971000
367 000
479000
630 000
1113000
927 000
1896 00
1901-05
1906—10 .
3 322 000
3 849 500
6 834 100
67 800
260 000
. 373 500
914700
662000
1042 200 -
2 475100
3 447 500 •
6 154 400
1910
1911 . . .
1912 > . .
. 8 480 000
8 344 600
9 621000
691 000
636 900
436 000
2 392 000
2 390 400
3 369 000
6 779 000
6 591100
6 688000