the wings of the moth may be difcovered, is quite immoveable,
but the p'ofterior part is moveable. The anterior end of this
pupa is furnifhed with two horns, one above the other, under the
eyes; there are alfo on it’s back feveral rows o f points one under
the other, the points direfted towards the tail. The pupa remains
in it’s cafe for fome weeks ■ as foon as the moth that is
formed therein finds itfelf enabled to break the bonds by which it
is confined, it begins to agitate itfelf within the cafe ; the points
are then rendered of effential fervice, thofe on the back ferve as a
fulcrum, to prevent it’s flipping backwards, while it is opening the
hole of the cone with thofe on tire head.
The new-formed moth labours in general about a quarter o f
an hour before it can effe£tuallyopen the cafe. This being done,
by redoubled efforts it enlarges the hole, and prefles itfelf forwards,
till it arrives at the edge, where it makes a hidden flop ;
for if it advanced further it would fall to the ground, and probably
lofe it’s life, or be materially injured by the fall. Here then
the pupa repofes itfelf for a time, after which the moth begins to
difengage itfelf from the bonds which confine it ; when it has
efcaped from the pupa, it fixes itfelf again!! the trunk o f the
tree, with the head upwards, and often remains m this fituation
for fome hours, during which time the wmgs and members are
perfeftly developed, and rendered fit for aHion. I have been informed
by Mr. Marfham, that it generally pufhes at lead one-
third o f the cafe out of the hole before it halts.
DeScrip-
Description of Plate XII.
The body of the caterpillar in this plate is divided into twelve
parts, correfponding to it’s rings. Thefe divifions are marked in
Fig. 2 and 3, Plate XII. by the numbers 1, 2, 3, up to 12; to
the fir!! number the word ring is annexed.
Each of thefe rings is diftinguiflied from that which follows,
and that which precedes it, by a kind of neck or fmall hollow
part. By conceiving a line to pafs through thefe necks, and
forming boundaries to the rings, we acquire twelve more divifions;
thefe are alfo marked 1, 2, 3, 4, &c. to 12, but to the
firil the word division is affixed.
T o facilitate further the defcription o f this animal, M. Lyonet
found it neceffary to form fome ideal divifions, or rather lines,
to pafs through it. He therefore fuppofed, firft, a line to pafs
down the middle o f the back, and this he called the fuperior
line, becaufe it marked the moft elevated part of the back o f the
caterpillar; the inferior line, one dire&ly oppofite to the former,
and paffing from the head down the belly to the tail.
In all caterpillars, on the right and left of each ring, except
the fecond, third, and laft, there is a little organ, fomething to
appearance like an elliptic fpot; thefe are termed the fpiracula,
and have been mentioned feveral times in this work: as they are
fituated nearly at equal diftances from the fuperior and inferior
lines, they furnifh us with a further fub-divifion, called the lateral
lines, which pafs through the fpiracula, the one on the right, the
other on the left fide of the caterpillar.
S s Thefe