ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM.
S e c t i o n I I I .
Ovarium solitary; Placenta central. ( The Column in the Fruit to which the Seeds
are attached central, and not adhering to the Side as in Section II.)
O r d e r IX . ik fA L V A 'C E ^ .
Or d . Ch a r . Caly.v with a valvate asítivation, mostly vpith an involucre. Stamens
with the filaments monadelphoiis, and the anthers 1-celled. Pubescence
starry. (Lindt.)—Trees or shrubs, deciduous, natives of warm climates.
Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; more or less divided.
Hairs stellate, axillary. Flowers on peduncles, large, showy. — The only
genus containing hardy species is T/ibiscus. The genus Lavátera contains
some species which have an arborescent appearance, but which are in fact
only snffrutescent biennials or triennials.
G e n u s I.
i/IB T S C U S L . T h e H i b i s c u s . Lin. Syst. Monadélphla Polyandria.
Identification. Lin, Gen., 846. ; Dec. P ro d , 1. p. 446. ; D o n ’s Mill., 1. p. 476,
Synonymes. Ketmie, Fr. ; Eibisch, Gcr. ; Ibisco, Ita l.
Derivation. T h e word hibiskos is one o f th e names given by th e Greeks to th e mallow. T h e /fibfscus
of Pliny appears to be an umbelliferous plant ; while th a t o f Virgil is a plan t with pliant branches,
which was made into ba.skets. T h e word //ibiscus is supposed by some to be derived from ibis, a
stork, which is said to feed on some of tlie species. Ketmie {F r.) is derived from Kèttuia, the name
given to th e genus by T o urne fort. Eibisch is the German aboriginal word for the mallow.
Gen. Char. Calyx encompassed by a many-leaved, rarely by a few-leaved, in-
volucel, o r one with its leaves connate. Petals not auricled. Stigmas 5.
Carpels joined into a 5-celled 5-valved capsule, with a dissepiment in the
middle o f each valve on the inside. Cells many-seeded, rarely 1-seeded.
Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; variously lobed and
toothed, generally ovate-wedge-shaped. Flowers pedunculate, large, showy.
— T he only hardy ligneous species is H. syrìacus.
SÉ 1. H. s v r i ' a o u s L . The Syrian Hibiscus, or Althma Frutex.
Identification. L in . Sp., 978. ; Dec, Prod., 1. p. 448. ; D o n ’s Mill., 1. 478.
Synonymes. Ketmie des J a r d in s ,/'?•. ; Syrischer Eibisch, Ger.
De rivation. Ic is called Althcea from th e resemblance of its flowers to those
of th e /41th£e'a ròsea.
En g ra vin g s. Cav. Diss., 3. t. 69. f. 1. ; Bot. Mag., t. 83. ; and our Jig. 95.
Spec. Char,, So. Stem unarmed, arboreous. Leaves
ovate, wedge-shaped, 3-lobed, toothed. Pedicels hardly
longer than the leaves. Involucel 6—7-leaved. (Doris
Mill.) A deciduous shrub. Syria and Carniola. Height
6 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers large, single or
double, white, red, purple, o r variegated ; August and
September. Capsule greenish brown ; ripe in October.
Decaying leaves yellowish green. Naked wood white
One o f our most ornamental hardy shrubs, o f which
there are the following varieties : —
95. //ib is ru s syrìacu».
H. Í. 2 filiis variegàtis.— Leaves variegated.
* H. s. 3 flòre variegato.— Flowers variegated.
SÈ H. s. 4 flòre purpùreo.— Viowers tpmtfle.
áá H. L 5 flòre purpùreo pièno.—Flowers double, purple.
Si H. Í. 6 flòre rùbro.— Flowers red.
Si H. 3. 7 flòre álbo.— Flowers white.
Si H. s. 8 flòre àlho pièno.— Flowers double, white.
Branches numerous, upright, white-barked ; their general character being
rather fastigiate than spreading. Leaves variously lobed ; flowers axillary,
large, and bell-shaped. Conspicuously ornamental ; and the more valuable,
because it produces its flowers at a time of the year when few shrubs are
in bloom. It forms beautiful garden hedges ; more especially Vvhen the
different sorts are planted in a harmonious order of succession, according to
their colours ; and when the plants are not clipped, but carefully pruned wdth
the knife. In the colder parts of Britain, and in the north of Germany, few
ornamental shrubs better deserve being planted against a wall. It will grow
in almost any soil not too wet ; b’ut, like all the il/alvàeeæ, seems to prefer
one which is sandy, deep, and ricli, lather than poor. An open airy situation,
where it will rijien its wood, is essential. The single-flowered vaiieties are
propagated by seed, which come up true to their respective colours ; and the
double-flowered varieties are propagated by layers, by grafting on the common
sorts, and sometimes by cuttings of the ripened wood, planted in sand in
autumn, and covered with a hand-glass during the winter.
O r d e r X . T I L IA 'C E ^ .
Or d . Ch a r . Sepals 4 or 5, with a valvate aestivation, mostly without an involucre.
Petals 4 or 5, or rarely not any. Stamens hypogynous, generally
numerous, with filaments separate, and anthers 2-celled. Mostly glands
between the petals and ovarium. Ovary and fruit single, of 4—10 carpels
grown together; cells in the fruit, at least in some, not so many as the
carpels. (Lindley.) — Trees and shrubs chiefly from warm climates.
ie a » « simple, alternate,stipulate, deciduous; cordate. Flowers panicled,
yellowish, fragrant, with an oblong bractea united to the common stalk.
Capsule downy. — The only genus which is perfectly hardy is r ilia ; native
of Europe and North America.
G e n u s I.
T l'L IA L . T h e L im e T r e e . Lin. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia.
Identification. Lin. Gen., 660. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 512. ; Do n ’s Milk, 1. p. 552.
Synonymes. Line T re e , Gerard ; Lind, Anglo-Sax. ; Tilleul, Fr. ; Bast-holtz, Ger. ; Linde, Ger.
and Dutch ; Tiglia, Ita l. ; Tilo, Span. ; Lipa, Russ.
Derivation. In London and Wise’s Retired Gardener the name of T ilia is derived from the Greek
word piilon, a feather, from the feathery appearance of th e bracteas ; but others derive it from the
Greek word tilai, light bodies floating in the a ir like wool o r feathers. Tilleul is from tailler, either
because the tree bears pruning well, or the wood may be easily carved. Bast-holtz is literally
bark wood, in allusion to th e use of th e bark, in forming mats.
Gen. Char. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, free, or some-
what polyadelphous. Ovary globose, villous, 1-styled, 5-celled ; cells 2-
ovuled. Nut coriaceous, 1-celled, 1—2-seeded, from abortion. (Doris
Mill., i. p. 5 4 0 .)— Timber trees, with a tough fibrous bark, large deciduous
leaves, mellifluous flowers, and a remarkable bractea attached to the peduncle
o f each o f the cymes of flowers. Natives o f Europe and North
America.
Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; cordate. — The species are
three, according to some ; and more than twice th a t number, according to
others. Our opinion is, th a t they may be all included under two, T . europæ'a
and T. americàna.
Ï 1. Tà e u r o p æ ' a D. The E uropean, or comma». Lime Tree.
Identification. Lin. Sp. 733. i D o n ’s Mill., 1. p. ■'i62, ; Smith’s Eng. F l., 3. p. 16.
Synonymes. T. intermèdia Dec. Prod. 1. 513. ; or T . vulgàris Hayne Dend. \ T. enropoe a boreali»
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