in. long ; somewhat waved and twisted ; slightly concave on the upper,
and convex on the under, surface; light bluish green, finely serrulated
on the edges; the sheath lacerated and slightly ringed. Cones {fig.
1760. a) from 2 in. to 3 in. long, and from 1 in. to IJin . broad. Scales
(fig . 1760. ci) from lin . to l^in. long, terminating in an irregular four-
sided projecting point, often recurved. Seeds, with the wing (c), from
1 in. to 1Àin. long; without the wing, from to ^ in. long; darkcoloured.
Cotyledons 5 to 7. A tall, straight, hardy, long-lived tree, from
60 ft. to 1 0 0 ft. high ; Europe generally, but not of America ; flowering in
May and June, and ripening its cones about 18 months afterwards ; the
most valuable, for its timber, of all the European species of Pinus.
Varieties. Like all trees which have an extensive geographical range, and
grow on almost every kind of soil, and at great elevations as well as in
plains, the varieties and variations of the Scotch pine are exceedingly numerous;
both as respects the exterior appearance of the tree, and the
quality of its timber and resinous products. On poor soils, at great elevations,
it becomes a diminutive shrub : and in low situations, where it
is a lofty timber tree, the wood on some light sandy soils is white, almost
without resin, and of little duration ; while on other soils, of a colder and
more substantial nature, it is red, heavy, and of great durability. It appears,
also, that the same situation will produce both white-wooded and red-wooded
trees ; and seeds from red-wooded trees will, it is said, in some instances,
produce others the wood of which is red.
a. Timber Trees.
Î P. fi. I vulgàris. The common wild Pine. {fig.
" 1761., to our usual scale.)—Thus described
by Don of Eorfar. Branches forming a
pyramidal head ; leaves marginated, of a
ilark green colour, and but little glaucous
underneath ; cones considerably elongated,
and tapering to a point, and the bark of the
trunk very rugged. “ This variety seems
to be but short-lived, becoming soon stunted
in its appearance, and itis altogether a very
inferior tree to either variety 2, or variety 3.”
{Cal. Mem., i. p. 123.)
Î P. fi. 2 horizontàlis. P . horizontàlis Don of
Forfar; P. sylvéstris var. montàna Sang,
Plant. Cal. p. 65. ; the Speyside Pine,
Hort. Soc. ; the Highland Pine, Grigor in
Gard. Mag. viii. p. 10. ; the horizontal-
1761. P , 8. vulgaris.
branched wild Pine, Laivs. ; the red-wooded Scotch Pine, Sang;
? P. riibra Mill. Dict. and N . Du Ham. — This variety is described
by Don of Forfar as being “ strongly marked ancl permanent.” It
“ is distingui.shed from the former by the disposition of its branches,
which are remarkable for their horizontal direction, and for a tendency
to bend downwards close by the trunk. The leaves are
broader than those of the first variety, and serrulated, and not marginateci.
They are distinguishable at a distance by their much lighter
and beautiful glaucous colour. The bark of the trunk is not so
rugged as in the preceding variety. Its cones are thicker, not so
much pointed, and smoother. The tree seems to be a more hardy
plant, being easily reconciled to very various soils and situations. It
grows very freely, and quickly arrives at a considerable size.”
1 P. fi. 3 uncinàta (se e / g . 1672.). The hook-coned wild Pine; Mar
Forest wild Pine, in the Horticultural Society’s Garden. — Another
of Don of Forfar’s varieties, which is described by him, in the
article before quoted, as a remarkable variety,
quite distinct both from P. s. vulgàris
and P. s. horizontàlis. It will be observed
that this hooked cone is quite different, both
in its general form, and the form of its
scales, from the cone of P. (s.) p. Mughus,
which is also often called P. uncinàta.
P. fi. 4 haguenénsis. Pin de Haguenau, Fr.;
Rothentanne of Schottel, seedsman, Ras-
tadt.—This variety was introduced from the
Forests of Haguenau (whence its name) and
Rastadt, on both sides of the Rhine. It
is thus described in Lawson’s Manual : —
“ The old tree.s are remarkably tall, straight,
free from branches, except near the summit,
with remarkably smooth reddish-coloured
bark. The leaves of the young plants are
longer than those of any of the preceding
varieties ; they are much waved or twisted,
of a light green slightly glaucous colour, and
minutely serrulated ; the young terminal buds
9 5 3
1762. P . s. uncinhta. ,terminali:__
re of a peculiar reddish colour, and generally more or less
covered with whitish resin. The young plants are, besides their
difference in shade of colour, readily distinguished by their stronger
and more rapid growth.” {Agricult. Manual, p. 230.)
Î P. s. 5 rigémis. Pin de Riga, Desf. Hist. t. ii. p. 61. ; Pin de Russie,
Pin de Mâture, Fr. — This variety is said to constitute the forests
of Lithuania and Livonia.
Other Timber Tree Varieties. The names of several might be given from
books ; but, as we could neither accompany them with descriptions nor
synonymes, nor refer to any place where living plants may be seen, we
consider that it would be of very little use. P. s. altissima, in the Horticultural
Society’s Garden, is a strong-growing variety, resembling the
pin de Haguenau, and is probably identical with it, though raised from
Caucasian seeds ; but P. altissima is a name more generally applied to P.
Laricio than to P. sylvéstris.
b. Varieties curious or ornamental.
i P. s. 6 genevénsis. Pin de Tarare, Fr. ; the Geneva wild Pine.— There
is a plant of this variety in the Horticultural Society’s Garden, a
portrait of which is given in Arb. Frit., 1st edit. vol. viii., by which
it appears to be a low crooked tree, with numerous twisted branches,
extending considerably at the base.
Î P. s. 7 monophÿlla Hodgins.— The leaves are long and glaucous, and
those of each sheath are generally attached to each other throughout
their length ; though when the points are taken between the
finger and thumb, and the apparently single leaf twisted, it separates
into two, and sometimes into tliree, leaves. Hort. Soc. Garden.
f P. s. 8 scariòsa. P. scariòsa Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; ? P. squamósa Bosc
Nouv. Cours d’Agr. art. Pin, and Arb. B rit. 1st edit. p. 2292.—Cones
small, with long scales, flat at the tips, and bent back. Native of
the Lower Alps. (Bosc.) A French variety. Introduced about
1820.
Î P. r. 9 intermèdia. — Tins is a Russian variety, having slender young
shoots depressed towards the stem, and leaves shorter and less glaucous
than those of the species. Horticultural Society’s Garden.
Î P. .Î. 10 altàica Ledebour. — Raised from seeds received from Dr. Ledebour
in 1830. Horticultural Society’s Garden.