AUBOKETUM F R U T IC E T U iY t B R I T A N N IC U M .
J» I. X. /íp iik o 'li a L 'H ítü. T h e P a rsley -leav ed Y e llow -R o o t.
Ideniificatkm. L ’Hér. Stirp, nov,, p. 79. t. 38, ; Dec. Prod-, i, p. 6.Ö. ; Don’s Mill,, 1. p. fík. ; Tor.
and Gray, 1. p. 40. > i ,
Synonymes. Xanthorhìza apiifòlia ; Zanthorise à Feuilles de Per.sil, Fr. ; Sellerie-blättrige Gelbwurz,
Ger.
Derivation. From the Greek words zcmthos, yellow, and rhizii, a ro o t; applied from the deep
yellow colour of th e roots. T h e French name needs no explanation ; and th e German is a literal
translation of the English one.
F.ngravings. Lara. IIL, t. 8-54. ; Bot. Mag., 1730. ; and our fig . 31.
Spec. Char., Sfc. Flowers minute, dark purple, often by abortion polygamous.
A low, suffriitescent, deciduous shrub. Flowers dark pui’ple ; May.
Height 2 It. to 3 ft. Pennsylvania. Introduced in ) 776. Decai ing leaves
yellowish or bi’own, dropping in September.
A small shrub with yellow creeping roots, wliieii
attain a large size, and throw up numerous suckers ;
with irregularly pinnate leaves, branched racemes, and
sin.all purplish flowers (which are usually unisexual
from abortion) rising from the scaly buds. The flowers
appear early in May, and continue a month or upwards
before they drop off. We have never heard o f its
ripening seeds in Europe ; nevertheless, this may have
occurred, and been overlooked, from the inconspicuousness
of the shrub, and the smallness of its fruit.
Suckers, or division o f the root. 31. XanthorlRza «piifòli.t.
O r d e r II. WINTERz^'Cii;^.
Or d in a l Ch a r a c t e r . Calyx of 2— 6 deciduous sepals, and 2 to many petals ;
the sepals and petals, when more than two, disposed ternately. Carpets
whorled, very rarely solitary from abortion. — Evergreen shrubs, or low
trees, chiefly natives o f warm climates.
Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, evergreen ; full o f pellucid dots, and
coriaceous. Properties aromatic and stimulant. Illicium is the only genus of
this order which contains species th a t will stand out in the open air in
Britain.
G e n u s I.
IL L FC IUM L . T h e I l l i c i u m , or A n i s e e d . T r e e . Lin. Sy.H. Polyandria
Polygynia.
Identification. Lin. Gen., 611.; I 'o r . and Gray, 1. p. 4 2 .; Dec. P r o d , 1. p 77 • Don’s Mill
1. p. 78. > t- • » •»
Synonymes. Badiane, or Anis-etoile, F?*.; Sternanis, G^r.
Derivation. T h e generic name Illicium is formed from th e La tin word iUicio, to allu re on
account of the agreeable aromatic smell of all th e species. It Is called th e Aniseed T re e from its
smell bearing a strong resemblance to th a t of aniseed. Badiane appears to be an aboriginal French
Avord; Anis-etoile, and Sternanis, signify literally the starry anise, and may allude to th e sta rry
disposition of the parts of th e flower and of the capsules.
Gen. Char. Calyx o f 3-6 petal-like sepals. Carpels stellately disposed, capsular,
opening on the upper side, 1-seeded. (Don's Mill., i. p. 79.)
* 1. I l l i ' c i u m f l o r i d a ' n u m Ellis. The Florida Illicium.
Identification. L in . Mant., 395. j Dec. Prod., 1. p . 7 7 .; Don’s Mill., 1, p. 79.
Synonymes. T h e Florida Aniseed Tre e , red-flowered Anise-seed Tre e , Mor. Hist. ; Badiane de la
Floride, F r. ; unachter (spurious) Sternanis, Ger.
Engravings. Bot. Mag., 439. j Lod. Bot. Cab., t. 209.; and our^^-. 32.
Spec. Char., Sfc. Petals 27—30, dark purple, outer ones oblong, inner
ones lanceolate. (Don’s Mill!) An evergreen glabrous shrub. West
V V IN T E R /I'C ’A’Æ : I L L I 'C I U M .
Florida to Louisiana, in swamps. Height
4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1766. Flovyers
dark reddish purple, with the odour of anise ;
April to June. Fruit none in England.
Decaying leaves reddish brown, dropping in
June.
21
A compact, inany-stemmed, bushy, _ ever-
■een, slow-growing shrub, attaining, in the
3Ìghbourhood of London, the height of 6 or
8 feet or ui)wards, and flowering every year.
The leaves are oblong-lanceolate, quite entire,
pointed at both extremities, smooth, shining,
and, in common with the whole plant, have a
rich reddish hue. The flowers are nuiiieroiis,
solitary, and terminal ; and bear some general
resemblance to those o f Calycânthus floridus.
The manner in which the plant is propagate;!
in the London nurseries is, generally, by forming
g'-'
net
stools of it in a cold-pit, and laying down
the shoots, which require two years to root
sufficiently to admit o f their being separated
from the parent plant ; but it is sometimes
propagated by cuttings both of the young and
of the old wood. This very handsome evergreen
shrub is sufficiently hardy to have resisted
the winter o f 1837-8, in several situations
in the climate of London. 32. Illic ium floritlamuti.
O r d e r III. MAGNOL/.TCÆÆ.
OHD. Char. Calijx of 3 deciduous se|)als. Corolla o f 3— 12 petals, di.s-
posed in threes'. Anthers adnate, elongated. Carpels numerous, disiiosed
along a spiked axis. Leaves destitute o f pellucid dots, stipulate when young.
Stipules convolute, and enclosing the unexpanded leaves. — Evergreen and
deciduous trees and shrubs, chiefly natives o f warm climates.
Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, evergreen or deciduous ; oblong, not
dotted, more or less coriaceous, articulated distinctly with the stem, and,
when ex[)anding, rolled together like those of Ricus. Flowers large, mostly
white or yellowish. Seed.; roundish, large, red or brown. — The species
hardy in British gardens are included under the genera Magnòlia and
Liriodéndron, the differential characters of which are as follows : —
M a g n o 'l / z I L. Carpel dehiscent ; that is, opening to admit the escape o f flie
seed.
L i r i o d e ' n d r o n L. Carpel indéhiscent; that is, not opening to admit the
escape o f the seed.
G e n u s I.
M A G N O 'L /ri L. T h e M a g n o l i a . Lin. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia.
Identification. L in . Gen., 690. ; Dec. P ro d ., 1. p. 79. ; D o n ’s Mill., 1. p. 82.
Synonymes. Magnolie, Fr. and Ita l. ; Bieberbaum H a rt., and Magnolie Willd., Ger.
Derivation. The name Magnòlia was given to this genus by Linnæus, in honour of P ierre Magnol,
professor of medicine, and prefect of the botanic garden a t Montpelier. T h e German naine
Bieberbaum, beaver wood, is applied generically by Hartweg in tlie Hortus Carlsruhensis ; but, in
America, Beaver-Avood appears to be applied only to M. glauca.
c 3