N : il r i
n am e s , t h e s to n e o a k ; t h e c o m m o n o a k , t h e l a t e o a k , in a llu s io n to i t s la t e n e s s in le a f in g • th e
w i n t e r o a k , f ro m i t s f r e q u e n t ly k e e p in g o n i t s le a v e s d u r i n g w in t e r ; d r y o a k , p r o b a b ly f rom th e
le a v e s r em a m in g ®n t h e t r e e a f t e r th e y h a v e b e c om e d r y a n d w i th e r e d ; r e d o a k , f ro m t h e co lo u r
o i I ts w o o d ; a n d lu l l o a k , f ro m i t s b e in g m o r e a b u n d a n t o n h il ly g r o u n d t h a n th e Q. p e d u n c u là ta
E n g i a y i n g s . E n g . B o t . , t . 1845. ; N . D u H am ., 7. t . 52. ; W i l ld . A b b ild ., t . 130. ; t h e p l a t e o f th is
t r e e m A rb . B n t . , 1 s t e d i t . , v o l. v i i . ; a n d o u r ß g . 1545. h <<. o í u n s
Spec. Char., tf-e.
sinuses (
(Smith.
ous tre e , readily distinguished from th e preceding species, even a t a distance,
by th e less tufted appearance, and generally paler green, o f its foliage during
summer ; and, in winter, by its less to rtu o u s spray and branches, by its
lighter-cqloiii-ed bark, by its larger buds, and by its frequently retaining its
le av e s,a fte r they have withered, till th e following spring.
Varieties.
¥ Q. 5. 2 pubescens. Q. s. var. ß Smith E n g . FL vol. iv. p. 150. ; Q. pu-
bescens Willd. Sp. PL iv. p. 450. ; Q. Ä . lanuginòsum L am . Diet. i.
p. 717. ; th e Du rmast, M a r t. Fl. R u st. t. 12. — Leaves downy be-
n ea th. F ru it sessile, b u t sometimes subsessile.
¥ Q. 5. 3 macrocárpa. Q. i^obur ma-
crocárpnm Booth. (O u r fig.
1546.) — F ru it large. Lodd.
1546. Q. s. macrucdrpa. 1547. Q. s. faikenborgénsis.
. s. 4 falkenbergénsis. Q. falkenbei'sensis Booth, Forbes Hort
Tour p .5 ., and Brit. 1st edit. p. 1926. (Oui->g. 1547.)—Leaves'
®™|!',»""®rerated. Fm it small. P la n t s tu n te d . F o u n d on th e hills
ot Falkenberg by Mr. Bo o th in 1832, and introduced in 1837.
. s. 5 austràlis. Q. ? austràlis L in k in Spreng. Syst Quer No 59
and M . Brit. 1st edit. p. 1925. (O u r flg . 1548.) - Lea'ves I'argo!
regularly lobed, and evergreen o r sub-evergreen. In tro d u c ed by
Uapt. t>. L . Cook (n ow Widderington) in 1835, and possibly a dis-
tm c t species, b u t we think not. H o rticu ltu ra l Society’s Garden.
Other Fariehes are mentioned by Bosc and some French authors, and in
th e Gardener s Mag n a n e, vol. x ii p. 571., and A ri. r t„ L , 1s t edit, n 1737
h tteen are described as having been found by th e Rev. W. T. B ree in Warwickshire,
m th e district called th e F o re s t o f Arden.
« u é rcu s sessiliflòra is generally th e only British oak found in po o r soil ;
for example, on th e high grounds on th e south bank o f th e Thames between
Greenwich and Gravesend. On th e p oor soils o f th e n o rth and middle of
France, it is th e only oak which is indigenous. The oaks o f th e Bois de
Boulogne are entirely o f this species ; as are those in th e woods o f Meudon,
and th ro u g h o u t th e whole o f th e extensive F o re s t o f Fontainebleau. In
Britain It is a so frequently found in rich soil, with o r without Q. peduncn-
lata 1 but th e la tte r species is never found indigenous on soils so noor as those
in which Q. sessihflora is found. fS e e o u r first edition.)
t e i
; r '
I l f
ri i <
1548. Q. a. austràlis,
¥ 3 . Q. p y r e n a ' i c a Willd. T h e P y ren ean Oak.
Id e n tific a tio n . W i l ld . ; N . D u H am . , 7 . p . 179. ; R e e s ’s C y c l ., N o . 7 3 .
S y n o n ym e s . Q. T a i t z in P e r s . ; Q. n i g r a T h o r e C h lo r . ; t i . T ó s a B o s c ; Q. s t o l o n ì f e r a L a p e y r . ;
tì. to m e n tb s a D e c . ; C h ê n e n o i r , S e c o n d a i ; C h é n e - t a u z in , E r .
E n g r a v in g s . S e c o n d â t , M è ra , d u C h ê n e , t. 2 . a u d t . 5. ; N . D u H am . , 7 . t . 5 6 . ; a n d o u r f i g . 1549.
Spec. Char., 4c. Leaves oblong, pinnatifid ; stalked ; downy beneath ; somewhat
heart-shaped and unequal a t th e base ; lobes obtuse, slightly to o th ed .
F ru it stalked. (W illd .) A low tre e , technically deciduous, b u t retaining
its withered leaves th ro u g h o u t th e winter, and till th ey are pushed o ff by
the expanding buds in th e following summer. Py ren ees. Height 20 ft. to
30 ft. In tro d uc ed in 1822, Flowers greenish white ; May.and Ju n e .
Readily known, from its infancy upwards, from
every other oak, in spring, by th e dense covering o f
woolly down th a t is spread over its young leaves, <
which, on th e ir first appearance (in th e climate of
London, th re e weeks la te r th an th o se o f th e common
oak), are o f a reddish tinge. The leaves are
retained during th e winter, when they appear curled
up, and a t th e extremities of th e shoots remind one
oi'the carved work in wood o f th e sculptor Gibbons.
The roots run nea r th e surface, and th row up n u merous
suckers. T h e wood, which weighs 60 lb. per .
cubic foot, is of g reat hardness, toughness, and d ura- <
bility, but apt to warp ; th e bark furnishes th e best
of all tan. I t is one o f th e most ornamental of
oaks, and being o f .small sta tu re it ought to find a
place in every collection, instead o f which it is com-
¡)aratively rare in England. Several varieties are mentioned in th e New
DuHamel.
¥ 4. Q. E 's c v h v s L . The Esculus, or Italian, Oak.
Id e n tific a tio n . L i n . S p . P l . , 1414. ; N . D u H a m . , 7. p . J 7 f ; R e e ^ s C y c l , N o . 7 0 .
S y n o n ym e s . P h à g u s ¿ 's c u l u s , m a s e t foe m -, D a / e c / i . / / « £ . 5 . ; C licm e g r e c , /■?.
D e r i v a tio n F r o m e s c a fo o d . T h e E s c u lu s o f th e c la s s ic s i s b y s om e t a k e n fo r th e b e e c h t r e e ;
b u t th e t i . Æ 's c u l u s o f L in n æ u s is n ow b e lie v e d to b e th e P h a g o s o f T h e o p h r a s t u s , w h ic h he e x .
p r e s s ly s a y s is a k in d o f o a k . .. , ,,
E n g r a v in g s . T h e p l a t e o f t h i s t r e e in A r b . B r i t . , i s t e d i t . , v o l. v i i . ; a n d o u r f i g . 1650
3 I 3
1549, q . pvrenàica.