m
il
¥ 1. O. v u lg a 'r i s Willd. Th e Hop IToiiibeam.
id e n t i f i c a t i o n . W i lld . S p . P L , 4 . p . 4C9. , -vr ^
S y n o n y m e s . C á r p in u s O 's t r y a H o r t. C liff. 4 4 7 . ; O 's t r y a c a r p in if ò lia S c o p . C a m . N o . 1191. ; O 's t ry a
B a iih . B i n . 427. ; 0 . i t á l ic a . & c ., M ic h x . G e n . 223. t . 104. f. 1, 2. ; C a r p in o n e r o , J la l .
E n g r a v in g s . M ic h x . G e n ., t . 104. f . 1, 2 . ; U e n d . B r i t . , t . 143. j N . U u H a m . , 2 . t . -VJ. ; t h e p la te s
o f t h i s t r e e in A rb . B r i t . 1 s t e d i t., v o l. v ili . ; a n d o u r j í/? . 1717.
Spec. Char., f r . Strobiles ovate, pendulous. Leaves ovate, acute. Buds
o btuse. (WUld.) A deciduous tre e . Ita ly and th e S o u th o f Europe.
H eig h t .30 ft. to 40 ft. In tro d u c ed in 1724. Flowers groenish-white ;
May. F ru it small, whitish brown ; ripe in October.
T h e hop hornbeam, in its general appearance, bark, branches, and foliage,
bears a g reat resemblance to th e common hornbeam ; b u t is a t once distia-
1717. o. vufKàru.
guished from it by its catkins o f female flowers. The se consist o f blunt
scales, or bracteal appendages, which are close, and regularly imbricated, so
as to form a cylindrical strobile, very like th e catkin o f th e female hop ;
whereas in th e common hornbeam th e b racteas are open and spreading. The
tre e has a very handsome appearance when in fruit ; and, in favourable situations,
it will attain nearly as large a size as th e common hornbeam. It is
commonly grafted on th e common h o rn b e am ; b u t, as th e growth o f the
former is more rapid th a n th a t o f th e hitter, unless th e g raft is made immed
iately above th e collar, th e tru n k o f th e scion becomes too large for that
o f th e stock, and th e tre e is liable to be blown down, o r broken over by the
wind. P ropagating by layers, o r by seeds, is the refo re a preferable mode.
Í 2. O. (? V . ) v i r g i 'n i c a Willd. T h e Virginian H o p Hornbeam.
I d e n t i f i c a i io n . W i l ld . S p . P l . , 4 . p . 4 69. j A it . H o r t . K o w ., .6 p . 302. ; P u r s h 2 . p . 623.
S y n o n y m e s . C á r p in u s v i r g in i à n a A b b . I n s . 2 . p . 151. ; C á r p in u s O 's t r y a v i r g in i a n a M ic h x . F l. F o r.
A m e r . 2 . p . 202. ; C. O 's t r y a M ic h x . N . A m e i- . S y i. 3 . p . 30. w i th th e e x c e p t io n o f t h c f ig u r e , which
i s t h a t o f 0 . v u lg à r i s ; I r o n W o o d , L e v e r W o o d , A m e r . ; B o i s d u r , I l l in o i s .
E n g r a v in g s . A b b . I n s . , 2 . t . 7 5 . ; P l u k . A im ., t . 15(5. f . 1 . ; a n d o u v f i g s . 1718, 1719.
Spec. Char., Strobiles ovate-oblong, erec t. Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate.
Buds acute. (W illd .) A deciduous tre e. New Brunswick to
Florida. Height 15 ft. to 40 ft;
as in th e preceding species.
The Virginian hop hornbeam, o r iron wood,
generally forms a tre e about 30 ft. high, growing
more raj)idly than O. vulgàris, an d differing from th a t
species, according to Willdenow and P u rsh , chiefly
Introduced in 1692. Flowers and fruit
in th e position o f its female
catkins, which are
upright, inste ad o f being
p endulous. T h e tre e , according
to Michaux, is
easily known, in winter,
by its smooth greyish bark,
which is finely divided, an d
detached in strips o f not
more than a line in breadth.
In British gardens th e tree
bears a close resemblance
to th e E urope an hop horn-
1718. O. virRinica. bcain.
G e n u s V I .
C O T IY LU S L . T h e H a z e l . TJn. S yst. Monoe'cia Polyándria.
Id e n tific a tio n . L in . G e n . , N o . 1074. ; N . D u H u m ., 4 . p . 17.
S y n o n ym e s . C o u d r i e r , F r . ; H a s e ln u s s , G e r . -, N o c c io lo , J ta l.
D e r iv a lio n . A c c o r d in g t o s o m e , f ro m Aorws, a h e lm e t ; t h e f r u i t , w ith i t s in v o lu c r e , a p p e a r in g a s
if c o v e r e d w ith a b o n n e t ; a n d , a c c o r d in g to o th e r s , f rom t h e G r e e k w o r d k a r u o n , a iiu t .
Gen. Char., 4c. M a le fiowers in cylindrical catkins. Bracteas sessile, imbricate.
Perigonal scales two, cohering a t th e base, an d adna te to th e
under surface o f th e bracteal scale. Stamens 8, in serted upon th e perigonal
scales towards th e ir base. Anthers bearded a t th e tip. — F'emale
fiowers in a bud-like catkin, which is developed into a branchlet. Bracteal
scale ovate, entire. Calyx n o t obvious, formed o f a slightly villous membrane.
Stigmas 2, long, thread-shaped. F ru it an o vate n u t. (G . B o n .)
Lcaves simple, a ltern ate, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire, feather-veined.
Floivers whitish in th e male, and red in th e female, p ro tru d ed before th e
leaves. — Low tre es and large shrubs, d e c id u o u s ; n a tiv e s o f E u ro p e and
North America ; thriving only in good soil, ra th e r dry th an moist.
áfe 1. C. 2 4 v e lla 'n a L . Y \\e common Hazel nut.
I d e n lific a iio n . H o r t . C liff ., 4 4 8 . ; E n g . B o t . , t . 7 23.
S y n o n ym e s . C o u d r ie r N o i s e t i e r , E r . ; I l a s e l s t r a u c h , N u s s b a u m , G e r . \ A v e l la n o , N o c c io lo , I t a l . ;
.'Avellano, S p a n .
D e r iv a tio n , y ív e l lá n a is d e r iv e d f rom A v e llin o , a c ity in N a p l e s . H a z e l is f ro m t h e A n g lo - S a x o n
w o rd Ate,«//, w h ic h signifie.« a h e a d - d r e s s . N o i s e t t e s ig n ifie s a sm a l l n u t ; a n d N u s s b a u m , a n u t tr e e .
E n ^ a v i n g s . B l a c k w ., t . 2 9 3 . ; K n g . B o t . , t . 7 2 3 . ; a n d o u r 1720., i n w h ic h a i s a s p r ig in
b lo ssom ' ; i , o n e in f r u i t ; c , t h e n u t w i th o u t i t s c a ly x ; a n d d , th e k e r n e l.
Spec. Char., f r . Stipules oblong-obtuse. Leaves roundish, cordate, pointed.
Involucre of th e fru it campanulate, ra th e r spreading, to rn a t th e margin.
(Willd.) A deciduous shrub or low tre e . E u ro p e and th e east and west
of Asia. lle ig h t 20 ft. and upwards ; b u t commonly found in th c cha ra cte r
o f a bush, as undergrowth in woods, especially o f th e oak. Male flowers
greyish; F eb ru a ry ; female flowers crimson; April. N u t brown ; ripe in
October.
Varieties. The se are numerous ; and th ey may bo divided into two classes ;
viz., botanical o r ornamental varieties, and those cultivated for th e ir fruit.