and about Mount Atlas,” where it forms a tre e from 15 ft. to 20 ft. high,
with round brandies, clothed with ru sty down when young. T h e leaves are
twice o r thrice as long as those o f Q. coccifera, thicker, aud less wavy, with
much smaller and sh o rte r spinous serratures, ra th e r th an te eth . Introduced
? 1820. llo rtic u ltu ra l Society’s Garden in 1834.
Î 33. Q. ¿ü'BER L . T h e Cork Tree.
I d e n ti fic a tio n . L in . S p . P l . , 141.3. ; N . D u I l a m . , 7 . p . Ifii).
S y n o n ip n e s . SClber Cn»«. E p /A 115. ; S. P ñ n u s M a tth . F a /g r . 1. p . 127. ; S . la t if ò liu m , & c ., D r « / /a » / .
A r i) . 2 . p . 291. ; C l iè n c L io g e , F r . ; K o r k E ic h e , G e r . ; S o v e r o , I ta l . ; A l c o rn o q u e , S p a n .
F .n g r a v in g s . H u n t . E v e l . S y l ., t. in p . 362. ; N . D n H am ,, 7. t. 45. ; D e n d . B r i t . , t . 8 9 . ; t h e p la te
o f t h i s t r e e in A rb . B r i t . , 1 st e d i t . , v o l . v iii. ; a u d o u r / g . 1623.
Spec, Char., tÿc. Leaves ovate-oblong, bluntish, coriaceous, entire o r sharply .
s e rra te d ; downy beneath. Bark cracked, fungous. (íTz/Zr/.) An evergreen
tree. South o f Eu ro p e and North o f Africa. Height 20 o r 30 feet. Introduced
in 1699. Flowers greenish w h ite ; May. Acorns brown ; occasionally
ripened in th e climate o f London.
Vaiieties. These, we have no doubt, are as numerous as th e varieties o f Q.
/ 'l e x , in countries where th e tre e is indigenous. None are in cultivation in
British gardens under any particular name : but, th e cork trees having been
all raised from seed, th e ir leaves will be found to vary in magnitude, in
different places, in length relatively to breadth, and in th e cha ra cte r o f their
margins, which are wavy, serrate , o r dentate.
i Q. S. 2 latifòlium. ¿ù b e r latifòlium, &c., Bauh. Bin.
424., D u Ham. Arb. 2. p. 291. t. 80. (T h e plate of this
tre e in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii, ; and o u r Jig. 1620.)
— Leaves ra th e r broader than in th e species, and either
serrated or entire.
Î Q. S. 3 angustifòlium. ¿iiber angustifòlium Bauh. Pin.
424., D u Ham. Arb. 2. p. 291. t. 81. — T h e figure in le^o.e.saatifdihm.
Dend. B rit. t. 89. (o u r fig . 1621.) may be considered as this variety.
t Q. S. 4 dentatum. Q. P s8Údo-¿úber Hort. — Leaves large, and va-
riouslv dentate, as in fig . 1622.
1621. «. S. augijstifoliu: 1622. Q. S. denUtnin.
T h e cork tre e bears a general resemblance to th e broad-leaved kinds o f Q.
/ e x ; o f which species some au th o rs consider it only a v a rie ty : but, when
tull grown. It forms a much handsomer tre e ; and its bark alone seems to jus-
tity Its being made a species. T h e ou te r bark, th e great thickness and elasticity
ot which are owing to an extraordinary developement o f th e cellular tissue,
forms th e cork ; which, after th e tre e is full grown, cracks and separates from
It ot Its own accord. The inner bark remains attached to th e tree, and,
when removed m its young s tate, is only fit for tanning. T h e wood of the
cork tre e, which weighs 84 lb. per cubic foot, is used for th e same purposes
as th a t ot Q. I lex ; but it is never found o f sufficient size to be o f much
consequence. By far th e most important p ro d u c t which this tree
yields, is its o u te r bark, which forms th e cork o f commerce. T h e <
bark is separated by first making a circular cu t round th e trunk,
immediately under th e main branches, and ano th er a t a few inches
above the surface o f th e ground. T h e portion o f hark intervening
between th e two cuts is then split down in thre e o r four pla ces; 1623. «.sùbrr.
care being taken, both in making th e circular cuts, and also th e
longitudinal ones, not to p en e trate th e inner bark. This operation is commonly
performed in July, o r in th e beginning o f August, when th e second sap flows
plentifully. Tlie tre e is now left for 8 or 10 years, when it is again disbarked
as before. In British gardens Q. ¿ù b e r is propagated by imported acorns, o r
by inarching on Q. / 'le x .
¥ Î 34. Q. P s e u 'd o - ¿ u 'b e r Desf. T h e False-Cork Oak.
Id e n tific a tio n . D e s f . A tl ., 2 . p . 348. ; N . D u H am ., 7 . p. 174.
S y n o n ym e s . C h ê n e f a u x L iè g e , C h ê n e d e G ib r a l t a r , F r . ; U n ü c h t e K o r k - E i c h e , G e r . B o s c S ta te s
th a t h e p o s s e s s e s a le a f o f (i. T u r n e r / , w h ic h w a s b r o u g h t to h im f ro m K ew b y L ’H é r i t i e r , a n d
th a t i t is id e n t ic a l w i th Q,. P s e ù d o - S ù b e r ; b u t t h e le a v e s o f Q.
T ú r a e r* a r e n o t in t h e s li g h t e s t d e g r e e h o a r y o r g la u c o u s b e n e a th ,
n o r h a s i t a c o rk y b a r k . S e e N o . 35.
E n g r a v in g s . S a n t .V ia g g ., t. 4 . ; S j ir e n g . A n tiq . B o t , t. 1. ; N . D u
ilam ., 7. t. 48. f . 2 . ; a n d o m f i g . 1625.
Spec. Char., 4'C. Leaves ovate-oblong o r lanceolate ;
sinuated, dentated, o r serrated ; hoary beneath.
Bark fungous, cracked. N u t ovate. Calyx muri-
catfc'd, with lax, recurved, linear scales. (D esf.) A
sub-evergreen tre e. Mountains o f Tuscany, Spain,
and Barbary, Mount Atlas, and nea r Tangier.
Height 50 or 60 ft. In tro d u c ed in 1824.
Vanety.
Í Q. P . 2 Fontancm. Q. F o n tan è sü Guss., Arb.
Brit. 1st edit. p. 1925. (O u r Jig. 1624.)
— E ith e r identical with this species, o r a very
slight variety o f it%
The bark is corky, though less so th an th a t o f Q. ¿iiber. Young branches
downy o r hoary ; sometimes smooth, striated. D e sfontaines
describes th e bark as fungous, as very thick,
and as being, with o u t doubt, capabfe of replacing th e
cork o f E u ro p e . T h e leaves are oval-oblong, dentated
o r serrated ; smooth above, and pubescent beneath,
remaining green a part o f th e winter ; so th a t th e tree
may be considered as forming th e connecting link between
th e evergreen oaks and th e deciduous ones. Q.
¿ lib er angustifòlium and Q. ¿iiber dentàtum (p. 884.)
1625. Q. Pseudo Súber. niay possiWy be forms o f this species.
riè
Î 35. Q. T u' ener/ Willd. Tu rn e r’s Oak.
Id e n tific a tio n . W il ld . E n u m . , 975. ; B a u m z ., p. 339.
S y n o n ym e s . Q.. h ÿ b r id a H o r t. ; C h ê n e d e T u r n e r , F r . ; T u r -
n e rs c h e E ic h e , G er.
E n g r a v in g s . W illd . B a u m z . , t. 3 . f . 2. ; a n d o m f i g . 1626 f rom
a liv in g sp e c im e n .
Spec. Char., 4c. Leaves oblong mucronate»
d en ta te ; glabrous on b oth sid es; somewhat
wedge-shaped a t th e base. Branchlets hairy.
( Willd.) A sub-evergreen, or nearly evergreen
tree, apparently a hybrid between Q.
pedunculàta and Q. / 'l e x , having been found
in a bed o f seedlings o f th e former species, in
1795 or before, in Tu rn e r’s Nursery, a t H o lloway
Down, Essex. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft.
3 l 3
1621 Q P. Pontauò^u.