.1 i
Mill.) A smooth deciduous shrub or low tree. North America, from
Canada to Carolina, in shady woods on river banks. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft.
Introduced in 1760. Flowers white; May to July. Fruit purple; ripe
in October. Decaying leaves reddish yellow. Naked young wood greenish
or reddish brown.
This species is easily known from every other, even at a distance, by the
horizontal umbelliferous character assumed by the branches, which are also
dichotomous, with clusters of leaves at the joints ; and the general colour
is that of a lively green. The leaves are generally alternate, but not unfrequently
opposite.
B. Leaves opposite.
afe 2. C, SANGUINEA L. The h\ooA-red-leavc(f, or cotmnon. Dogwood.
Identification. Lin. Sp., p. 171. ; Don’s Mill., 3. p. 399. ; Lodd. C a t, ed it 183G.
Si/nonwnes. C. fce'mina R a ii Spn. AQ>0. \ Vírga sanguínea Matth. Valgr. 1. p. 23fi. ; Female Cornel,
Dogberry Tree, Hound 'I ree, Hound’s-berry Tree, Prickwood, Gaten or Gatten Tree, Gater
or Gatter Tree, Catteridge Tree, wild Cornel ; Cornouiller sauvage, sanguin, or femcllc, Puine
or Bois punáis, Fr. ; rother Hartriegel, Ger. ; Sanguinello, Hal.
Derivation. This species is called fce'mina, and Female Cornel, because it bears fruit when very
young ; whereas Córnus más produces male blossoms only till the tree is 15 or 20 years old. Virpa
sanguínea is literally the bloody twig, alluding to the colour of the shoots, though they are not
nearly so red as those of Córnus ftlba. The names of Dogberry Tree, Hound Tree. &c., arise
from the same source as Dogwood. (See above.) Prickwood alludes to the use of the wood for
skewers ; Gaten Tree is a corruption of Gatr treow, the Saxon name for this species ; or, as
some suppose, it is derived from gayta, the Spanish word for a pipe, the wood of this tree being
more hollow, or full of pith, than th at of C. más. Catteridge, and all the other somewhat similar
names, are derived from Gaten. Chaucer calls the fruit Gaitres berries, evidently from the same
origin. The French names of Puine, and Bois puuais, bug-wood, are from the strong and unpleasant
smell of the bark and leaves ; and also because a decoction of them forms a wash to
de.stroy bugs. Rother Hartriegel signifies red hard rail, or red hard wood.
Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 249. ; Fl. Dan.,t. 481. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 44. ; and aaxjig. 913.
Spec. Char.y ^c. Bracteas straight. Leaves ovate, acute,
smooth anti green on both surfaces. Corymbs flat.
Branches of a dark red when full grown. Leaves 2
to 3 in. long. Flowers greenish white, unpleasantly
scented. Petals revolute at the sides. Fruit dark
purple, and very bitter. (Don's Mill.) A large shrub.
Europe and the North of Africa, in hedges and thickets,
especially on a chalk and limestone soil; plentiful in
Britain, in like situations ; and also said to grow in i
North America, near the lakes of Canada and near
New York; but it has probably been introduced
there. Height 4 ft. to 15 ft. Flowers white ; June.
Fruit dark purple; ripe in August and September.
Decaying leaves deep red. Naked young wood green.
Varieties.
äfe C. Í. 2 Piirshh Doris Mill. 3. p. 399. ; C. sanguínea Pursh, Schmidt
Baum. 2. t. 66. ; has the flowers with yellow anthers, and the
berries a dark brown. Lakes of Canada, and near New York; and
only differs from the C, sanguínea of Europe in having the leaves
pubescent, and in being of larger stature.
afe C. 5. 3 foliis variegàtis Lodd. Cat. has the leaves variegated with white
and yellow, and occasional streaks of red, A plant lately received
into Messrs, Loddiges’s collection, named C. candidissima fol. var.,
appeap, from the leaves, to be identical with this variety. C. candidissima,
in the same collection, appears from its leaves to be
nothing more than C. sanguínea.
One of the commonest slirubs in old slirubhcrics ; and easily known from
all the other kinds of Córnus by the abundance of its dark purple fruit, and
the intensely dark red of its leaves before they drop off in autumn. It is from
this last circumstance, we sup{)osc, that the specific name of sanguínea has
been given to it, though it is much more obviously applicable to C. álba, on
account of the redness of its slioots. C. purpùrea would be a much better
name as contrasted with C. ulha, both names applying to the fruit. The wood,
The bark tastes like apples.
¡1 3. C. a ' l b a L. The white-fruited Dogwood.
I Don’s Mill., 3. p . 399.
Identification. Lin. Mant., p. 4 , . , - r - __
SjrionymeeS. ß stolonifcra Michx. p. 109. ; C. tatárica Mill. Icon. t. 104.
. . . . - ............. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. r "
Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross,, i. t. 34.; and ouryq,7 914.
Sjiec. Char., <§•«. Branches recurved. Branchlets
glabrous,
Leaves ovate, acute, pubescent, hoary
beneath. Corymbs depressed. Branches of
fine red colour. Fruit white, or bluish white.
(Doris Mill.) A large shrub, Siberia, at the
rivers Oby and Irtysch, among bushes, &c. ;
North America, from Virginia to Canada, on the
banks of rivers and lakes; and also in North
California. Height 4 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in
1741. Flowers white; May to July. Fruit
white or bluish white ; ripe in September. De- ^
caying leaves red or reddish yellow. Naked
young wood intensely red or coral colour.
Varieties.
^ C. a. 2 circinata Don’s Mill. iii. p. 399., C.
circinàta Cham, et Schlccht. in Linncea iii.
p. 139., has the berries of a lead colour,
from Lake Huron to l a t . 69° n .
âfe C. a. 3 sibirica Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836, has the shoots of a fine orange
red, covered with a delicate bloom. It makes a splendid appearance
in the winter season.
Interesting in summer, from its fine large leaves and white flowers ; in autumn,
from its white fruit, which are about the size and colour of those of the
mistletoe ; and in the winter and spring, from the fine red of its young shoots.
3fe 4. C, ( a . ) s t r i ' c t a Lam. The Qtvmght-branchcd Dogwood.
Mill
i. p. 399.
fi 02. ; C. sanguínea Wa lt, but not of L in .: C.
cyaiiocarpos Gmel. Syst. Veg. 1. p. 257. ; C. cam but not of Lam.
insis Ilort. Far. ; C. cajriUea Meerb. Icon. 3.,
Engravings. Schmidt Baum., 2. t. 67. and o u r^ g s . 915, 916.
’ I ■ I..
: ' !.f
J, " i
Througliout Canada, and
Identification. Lam. Diet., 3. p. 116. ; Don „ .......
Synonyines. C. fastigiàta MJch.c. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1.
Sjiec. C h a r . y 4c. Branches straight,
fastigiate. Leaves ovate, acuminated,
glabrous, green on both surfaces;
when young, hardly pubescent beneath.
Corymbs convex, somewhat
panicled. Branches reddish brown.
Anthers blue. Pomes globose, soft,
blue on the outside, but white inside.
(Doris Mill.) An upright shrub.
North America, from Carolina to Canada,
frequent on the banks of rivers;
also in Mexico, between Tampico and
Real del Monte. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft.
rarely 20ft. Introd. 1758. Flowers
white; June and July. Fruit blue
without and white within ; ripe in gig. c.ia jstricti..
October. Decaying leaves reddish
green. Naked young wood green, or rusty green.
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