A R B O R E T U M E T F R Ü T IC E T U M B R IT A N N IC U M .
valuable as underwood, and for its fruit. As underwood, it is grown in England
for hop-poles, fence-wood, and hoops. The poles la st as long as those o f tlie
a-n, and longe r; but th e j' do n o t grow so fa.st, and they a re ap t to send out
s to u t side shoots, which if not checked, either bj pruning o r by th e closeness
ot th e plantation cause tho upper p a rt o f th e pole to diminish in size too rapidly
l ie chestnut, like th e bcecli, prefers a deep sandy loam. I t will not thrive in
tt tenacious s o il; and, in a rich loam, its timber, and even its poles and
hoops, are b rittle , and good for nothing. Th e species is propagated by the
lit, which may be tre ated exactly m th e same manner as th e acorn ; and the
>tUieties are p erpetuated by grafting.
Í 3fe 3. C. p u 'm i l a Willd. Tiie Dwa rf Chestnut, or Chincapin,
P' ‘‘<51. ; M ic h x . A m e r ., 2. p . 193.
Spec. Char., 4c. Leaves oblong, acute, mucronately serrated ; covered witli
white tomeiitimi beneath. (WiUd.) A deciduous shrub. North Ainerica
New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, South Carolina, Georgia, and Lower
Louisiana. Height 8 ft. to 40 ft. In tro d u c ed in 1699. id ow ers yellow ■
May. L riiit half th e size o f th e common chestnut.
1707. C.pùnaia.
In dry a n d soils C. pùmila is a shrub n o t exceeding 6 o r 7 feet in heiriit
t o l t a ] '® ? T h e leaves are .3 o r 4 inches long, slumily
toothed, and similar in form to those o f th e C .v . am e ric à n a ; f r L which
they a ie distinguished by th e ir inlerlor size, and th e whiteness o f their
under surface. T h e fructification, also, resembles th a t o f C. v americàna
111 form and a rran g em en t; b u t th e flowers and fruit ai'e only abouTlialf I
large, and th e n u t is convex on both sides. ^
Species o f Castànea not y e t introduced into European Gardens.
Several piecies o f chestnuts have been discovered in Nepal and Java-
some o f whmh were, a t first, supposed to belong to th e genus Qiic-rciis hut
h a re since been separated from th a t genus, and referred to Castànea’ by
D . Lindley ; and othe rs have .been described and figured by Blume in his
splendid work on th e plants o f Java. D r Lindley has given a s y r p r i c ? li t
o f th e Indian Castàiieai in D r. Wallich’s Et. J s . Ear., in wlikh h f e n™ ? ate
eight different species, all o f which we shall shortly notice
I l l b ” ' t e f ° c®'i P- ‘■‘"fo- fo lliubt., p. 341., IS a native of th e mountains o f Nepal andP ’Sl- ilAhest., E a r., Royle
L X X . c o r y l a ' c e æ ; c a s t a ' n e a . 9 1 5
C. Roxbûrghïi Lindl. 1. c. ; Quércus castanicârpa Ro.x. Hort. Beng. p. 08.,
Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3. p. 856. ; is a native o f Chittagong.
C. sphoerocârjia Lindl. 1. c., Quércus armàta R ox . .M S S , is a native o f thc
mountains near Silhet.
C. tribulotdcs Lindl. 1. c., Royle Illu st. p. 341. Quércus /ribulöides Smith in
Rees’s Cycl, No. 13., D . Don in Prod. Nep. p. 56., Wall, in L itt.; Q. Catimgca
Ham. MSS. ; Q .fe ro x Rox . Hort. Beng. p. 68. — This species, according to
Sir J. E . Smith, was discovered by D r. Buchanan (H am ilto n ) in th e forests
of Ü] ^ ^ ^ ^ .
poi
Upper Nepal, flowering and fruiting a t various seasons. D r. Buchanan sup-
jsed it to be an oak ; and he describes it as being a tre e with smooth branches,
and leaves on sh o rt footstalks, lanceolate, more or less ovate, entire, taper-
pointed, somewhat unequal a t th e base, about 4 in . long, lÿ in. broad ; rigid, and
rather coriaceous, with irregular, distant, slightly curved veins ; th e upper surface
polished, and th e u n d er one jialer, and opaque. T h e flowers are generally
monoecious (though D r. Buchanan observed one tre e with only female
flowers), in slender, downy, clustered, axillary o r terminal spikes ; th e male
spikes being th e more numerous. Stamens about 8, w ith a d o tted central disk.
The calyx o f th e fruit is armed with very numerous, rigid, prominent, sharp
thorns, a fourth o f an inch o r more in length, spreading in every direction.
C, martabanica Wall. P l. As. R a r. t. 107., and o u r / g . 1709., has th e leaves
lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, quite entire, smooth, on sh o rt footvStalks, acute
1709. C. martabánica.
at the base, silvery beneath. Catkins :
downy, densely clothed with palmate ;
brancliy spines, divaricate. (W a ll.) A ■
native o f Martaban, n ea r Amherst.
C. Tungurrut Blume Bjdr. F l. Ja v . t. 1710. c. Tungixrrut.
22., and our J ig . 1710., has th e leaves
elliptic-oblong, acute, and ash-coloured beneath. T h e veins and catkins are
downy. I t is an immense tre e, 150 ft. high ; an d is found in th e province o f
Bantam, a t an elevation o f from 4000 ft. to 6000 ft. above th e level o f th e
sea. The natives call it T u n g u rru t, o r Tu nge rreh. (B lum e Fl. Ja v .)
Caslanea argéntea Blume F l. Jav. t. 21., and o u r / g . 1711., has th e leaves
oblong-lanceolate, much acuminated, narrowed towards th e base, glabrous
and sUvery beneath. Catkins silky. A ta ll tre e , with a thick t r u n k ; a native
of mountains in th e west o f Jav a. Th e wood is used for beams and th e axle-
trees c f w aggons; and th e acorns are ea ten when boiled o r roasted. (B lume .)
C. javanica Blume F l. Jav . t. 2 3 ,2 4 ., and o u r / g . J 712., has th e leaves falcate,
oblong-lanceolate, sharp a t both ends, glabrous, ochreous b e n e a th ; th e
younger ones streaked und ern ea th with dark yellow. A lofty tre e, attaining
the h e ig h to f 120 ft., with a tru n k 7 ft. in girt. Common in th e woods o f
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