boat-biiilder, the block ami pump maker, the Cartwright, the cabinet-maker
and the coacli-maker. The timber, Matthews observes, has much sap-wood,
and great longitudinal touglmoss ; but, from the great quantity of sap-wootl,
and want of lateral adhesion, it splits considerably when drjc The tree has
a peculiar fan-like spread of the branches, often tending to one side, and
most perceptible in young trees. Hence, when grown up, there is generally
1399. U, moiuhna.
a slight bending in the stem,
which renders it very fitting for floor-
timbers of vessels ; the only part of a
ship, exce[)t the bottom plank, to which
it is applicable, as it soon decays above
wafer. Its great toughness and strength,
however, rcnderit fit for floors. Tliesoil in
which this elm most luxuriates is a deep '
rich loam ; but that in which it becomes
most valuable, is a sandy loam lying on
rubble stone, or on dry rock. In wet tilly
claj’s, it soon sickens. It does not produce
suckers like the English elm; but, according
to Boutcher, it roots more readily from
layers than that species. The most ready
mode of propagatingit, however, is by seetls,
which are produced in great abundance,and
are ripe about the middle of June. They
ought to he gathered with the hand before
they drop, as, from their lightness and winged appendages, they are very apt
to be Mown i/a y by the wind. The seeds may either he sown as soin !s
gathered m which case, many plants will come iqi the same season ; or they
may be thinly spread out to dry in the shade, and afterwards put up Into bavs
or boxes, and kept m a dry place till the following March or April.
S 6. U . ( m . ) g l a ' b r a Mill. The smooth-fmwto, or Wych, Elm.
Identification. Mill. Diet., ed. 8., No. 4. ; Sm. Engl Fl 2 o 28
' fr- fr“ »»- »«'■ f- = U. C rtp ó std s v.r.
F.ngravings. Engl. Bot., t. 2248. ; and o u r /g . 1400.
Spec. Char., f r Leaves elliptic-oblong, doubly
serrated, smooth. Flowers nearly sessile, 5-cleft.
Samara obovate, naked, deeply cloven. (Smith j
Branches spreading, rather drooping, smooth,
blackish, scarcely downy in their earliest stage of
growth. Leaves smaller than any of the preceding
(except U. campéstris), as well as more
oblong ; strongly serrated, very unequal at the
base, not elongated at the extremity ; their substance
firm, or rather rigid; the surface of both
/des very smooth to the touch, and without any
hairs beneath except the axillary pubescence of
tile ribs, which often forms a narrow downy line
along the midrib. Flowers nearly sessile, with 5
•short, bluntish, fringed segments, and as many
longish stamens, the anthers of which are roundish
heart-shaped. Samara smaller than most other
species, obovate, cloven down to the seed, smooth
often reddish. A tall, elegant, deciduous tree!
iiritain, chiefly iii England, in woods and hedges •
and forming die most common elm in some parts’ of Essex. Height 60 ft.
t o 8 0 tt. Floweis and samara as in the preceding sort
It bears seeds in nearly as great abundance as C7. mont'àna, and it does not
throw up suckers ; which convinces us that it is only a variety of that species.
The propagation, culture, &c., of 27. glabra and its varieties are the same as in
the preceding sort ; but, to preserve the latter distinct, they ought to be grafted.
Varieties. In consequence of 27. glabra ripening seeds in different parts of
England, many varieties have been raised from it, most of which arc distinguished
by great rapidity of growth. It is difficult to determine, in every
case, whether the varieties of 27. (m.) glabra are not nearer to 27. montàna,
than to that sub-species ; and, in some instances, they appear to partake of
the character of 27. campéstris and 27. (c.) suberosa. T. A. Knight, Esq.,
informs us that from seeds of one variety of 27. (m.) glabra, viz. the Downton
elm, which were ripened in tlie cold climate of that part of Shropshire,
he “ raised plants which are so perfectly similar to the 27. suberosa, and
which approximate so nearly to the character of the 27. glabra, that ” he
does “ not doubt but tliat the 27. campéstris, 27.suberosa, 27.glabra, and
three or four other varieties which” he has “ seen in différent parts of
England, are all varieties only of the same species.”
A. Timber Trees.
¥ U. (w.) g. 1 vulgaris. The common smooth-leaved Elm.
¥ TJ. (m.) g. 2 végéta. 27. montàna vègeta in the Horticultural Society’s
Garden ; 27. americàna Masters ; the Huntingdon Elm, the Chichester
Elm, the American Elm in some places, and perhaps the
Scampston Elm. — This is by far the most vigorous-growing kind of
elm propagated in British nurseries, often making shoots from 6 ft. to
10 ft. in length in one season ; and the tree attaining the height of
upwards of 3^0 ft. in ten years from the graft. Raised at Huntingdon
about 1746, from seed collected in that neighbourhood, by Mr.
Wood, nurseryman there.
¥ U. (wn) g. 3 var. The Scampston Elm. —Variety of 27. glàbra, and
very little different from the preceding kind.
¥ U. (m.) g. 4 major. 27. glabra màjor Jlort. Dur. ; the Canterbury Secd-
liiiçr. — Of more vigorous growth than the species, and, indeed, a rival
to ^the Huntingdon elm in quickness of growth. Judging from the
specimens of this variety sent to us by Mr. Masters, we should say
that it belongs fully as much to 27. montàna as to 27. (m.) glàbra.
¥ U. (•/».) g. 5 glandulòsa Lindl. — Leaves very glandular beneath.
¥ U. (rn.) g. 6 latifòlia Lindl. — Lcaves oblong, acute, very broad.
¥ U. (m.) g. 1 microphylla Hort. 27. g. parvifòlia.. — Leaves small.
Horticultural Society’s Garden.
B. Ornamental or curious Trees.
¥ U. (rn.) g. 8 péndula. 27. campéstris péndula Hort. Dur.; the Downton
Ehn. — Raised in Smith’s Nursery, at Worcester, in 1810,
from seeds obtained from a tree in Nottinghamshire. Mr. Knight
of Downton Castle purchased some of these trees ; and one them
turned out to be that weeping variety which has since obtained the
name of the Downton elm.
¥ U. (m.) g. 9 variegàta Hort.—Leaves variegated. Hort. Soc. Garden.
¥ U. ( h i . ) g. 10 ramulòsa Booth.—Branches more twiggy than the species.
¥ 7. 27. a 'lba Kit. The whitish-/ccft><?d Elm.
Identification. Kitaib., quoted in Iloem. et Schult. Syst. Veg,, C. p. 300.; W i llà . Baumz,, p. 518.
E n g r a v in g . Oxivfig. 0000. in p. 0000.
Spec. Char., 3fc. Bark grey brown ; smooth, not chhiky. Leaves with
downy petioles ; and disks oblong, acuminate, in. long, unequal at the
base, doubly and very argiitely serrate ; above, deep green ; beneath, downy,
and becoming obviously whitish. (WilU.') Alarge deciduous tree. Hungary;
said to have heen introduced in 1834, but we are not aware that tlie
plant is in British gardens.
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