o f Eu ro p e . Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. In tro d u c ed in 1739. Flowers greenish
white ; May. Acoi-ns brown ; ripe in October.
A very handsome species, quite hardy, and deserving a place in every collection.
ih e r e are large specimens o f it in W h itto n Park.
¥ 5. Q . ( E . ) a p e n n t ' n a Lam. T h e Apennine
Oak.
I d e n ti fic a tio n . L a t n . D i c t . E n c y c l , 1. n .7 2 5 . ; N . D u H am . ,
7 . p . 177.5 B o s c M ém . s u r le s C h ê n e s .
S y n o n y m e s . Q . c o n g lo m e r à ta P e r s . ; C h ê n e h iv e r n a l , F r .
L n g r a v m g s . N . D u H am ., 7 . t . 5 3 . ; a n d o u r y ^ . iô 5 1 .
Spec. Char., S/c. Leaves oval-oblong, petiolated,
sinuated, pubescent beneath, bordered with
obtuse lobes, somewhat angular. Acorns
oval, disposed along a sh o rt peduncle.
(L am .) The leaves are exceedingly woolly
beneath ; th e acorns small, almost globular,
and sometimes borne to th e number o f 8
o r 10 on one peduncle, n o t above I in. in
length. T h e tre e does n o t atta in a large
size, seldom exceeding th e height o f 20 ft.
N o t y e t introduced ; b u t apparently only a
variety o f Q. £ "scu lu s ; or perhaps even
identical with it. . 1551. Q. apcniilna.
§ ii. Céi-ris. Mossy-cupped, or Tu rk e y , Oaks.
Sect. Char. Leaves lobed and sinuated, or d en tated ; more or less persistent •
in some varieties, sub-evergreen or evergreen ; always dying off o f a dirty’
white o r paper brown, never with any tinge o f red o r yeliow. Buds furnished
with linear stipules. Fructification generally biennial. Cups echinate,
ramentaceous, o r scaly, squarrose.
1 6. Q. C e 'r r i s L . T h e bitter, or mossy-cupped. Oak.
rdmunctutm. L in . Sp. P l ., 1415.; N . D u H am . , 7. p . 182. ; Rees’s Cvcl., N o . 83
S y n o n y m e s (Ì c r in i t a n a n d f t U ,m . D i a . 1. p. 718. ; Q. 7 ia lI p h l< i'o s J u s s . i n H o r t P a r ■ O
b u r g u n d i a c a , & c ., * « 4 . 42 0 ; S . C é r r is P l in i r , & c .. L o b . I c o n . Ì . I5C., D o d . p i m S ' h i
G em E n m c . 1345, ; C e r rn s D a le c b . H i s t . v o l. 1. p . C. ; th e T u r k e y O a k ; t h i I r o n , o t \ ? ? i n s c o t ’
i C e 'r™ G h U n d e Ìm T r e / 5 “ B o d r g o g n e , F r . ; B u r g n n d i s c h o E ic h e , C e r r - e lc h c ,’
D e r i v a t i o n . T h e sp e c if ic a p p e l l a t io n H a lip h lo e o s w a s a p p l ie d b y P l in y to a n o a k w i th v e r y b i t t e r
a c o r n s : b u t i t m a y b e d e r iv e d f ro m h a lis , e n o u g h , a n d p h lo io s , b a r k ; i n r e f e r e n c e to t h e t e n d e n c y
t o c o rk in e s s i n t h e b a r k . T h e I r o n O a k a l lu d e s to t h e w e i g h t o f i t s w o o d , w h ic h i s m u c h h e a v i e r
t h a n t h a t o f t h e c o m m o n o a k . T h e t e r r a W a in s c o t O a k r e f e r s to i t s s u i t a b l e n e s s f o r lin i n g t h e
w a l ls o f r o o m s , f r o m t h e D u t c h w o rd s , w a r d , a w a l l ; a n d s c k o r l e n , to s u s p e n d .
E n g r a v in g s . N . D u H am ., 7 . t . 5 7 . ; i h e p l a t e s o f t h i s t r e e i n A r b . B r i t . , 1 s t e d i t . , v o l. v i i . ; a n d
o u r f i g s . 1552. a n d 1.553.
Spec. Char., 4'c. Leaves on very short
stalks, oblong, deeply and unequally
pinnatifid ; hairy beneath ; lobes lanceolate,
acute, somewhat angular. Stipules
longer th an th e footstalks. Calyx o f the
fm it hemispherical, bristly. (Smith.) A
large deciduous tre e, attaining th e same
1553. Q. Cérris.
1552. Q. Cérris.
h eight as th e British oak, b u t o f much
more rapid and vigorous growth. France,
Ita ly , Spain, Austria, an d th e Levant.
In tro d u c ed in 1735. F low ers greenish
white ; April. Acorns brown ; rip e in
Octobe r o f th e second year, an d sometimes
in th e au tumn o f th e first year.
Varieties. T h e re is a great tendency in this species to sp o rt ; so th a t
many varieties may be selected from every bed o f seedlings. I t also appea
rs to hybridise with facility, especially with Q. ¿ iib er ; and from this
cross th e numerous race o f varieties known as th e Lucombe o r E x e te r
oaks, th e Fulham oaks, and th e Ragnal oaks have been raised. Th e re are
also some varieties o f Q. Cerris which appear to owe th e ir origin to geographical
circumstances ; such as Q. C. austrìaca, and Q. C. crinita. The
v arieties cultivated in British nurseries may, for practica l purposes, be arranged
as deciduous, sub-evergreen, and evergreen.
* Foliage deciduous.
a. Leaves pinnatifid or sinuated. Cups o f the Acomis mossi/.
¥ Q. C. 1 vulgàris. Q.. C. frondósa M ill. Diet. ed. 5. (s e e fig . 1552.,
and th e pla tes o f this tre e in Arb. B rit., 1st edit., vol. v ii.) —
Leaves pinnatifidly sinuated, and th e cups covered with soft moss.
O f this variety th e re is an endless number o f subvarieties. Fig.
1552. m a y b e considered as th e normal fo rm : / g . 1554. has th e
leaves more deeply sinuated : / g . 1553. is from a specimen c f great
3 I 4
III ’ .!