G e n u s I I .
VI I I . c i s t a 'c e æ : h e l i a ' n t h e m u m .
H E L IA 'N TH EM UM . T he H e l i a n t h e m u m , or S un i?ore. L i n . S y s t .
Polyánclria Monogynia.
Identification. T o u rn . In s t., 248. 1 . 128. ; De c. P ro d ., 1. p. 266. ; D o n ’s Mill., 1. p . 301.
S ynonymes. Císti species o f L in . ; H e lia n th em e Sonnen G ü rte l, Ger. ; E lian tem o , Ita l.
De riv a tio n . F rom helios, th e sun, a nd a nthemon. a flower ; because th e flowers open with th e rising
o f th e sun in th e morning, and th e p eta ls fall off witli th e settin g o f th e sun in th e evening. T h e
flowers o f H e liánthemum, as well as o f Cistus, only la s t for a few h o u rs when th e sun shines ; and
i f th e we ather is d u ll, and th e sun does n o t make its appearance, th e flowers do n o t open, b u t
rema in unexpanded. Sho u ld this continue for several days to g e th e r, th ey will decay in th e bud.
Gen. Char. Calyx o f 3—5 sepals ¡.th e two outer usually smaller than the
inner ones, .rarely larger. Petals 5, usually regularly denticulated at the
top. Stigma capitate. Style sometimes almost wanting, sometimes straight,
sometimes oblique, and sometimes bent at the base. Ovary triquetrous.
Capsule 3-valved. Seeds angular, smooth.
Leaves simple, opposite or alternate, stipulate or exstipulate, sub-evergreen
; 3-nerved or feather-nerved. Flowers axillary or terminal. Pedicels
usually furnislied with bracteas at the base. — Shrubs or siibshrubs, low,
prostrate, resembling herbaceous plants ; natives o f Europe ; and o f the
easiest culture in any common soil.
1 . H. v u l g a ' r e Gært. The c o m m o n Helianthemum, or Sun Rose.
Identification. (îoe rt F ru o t., 1. p. 371. t . 76. ; D o n ’s Mill., 1. p. 311.
Synonyme. Cistus He liánthemum L in . S y. 1. p. 744., Sm . E n g l. Bot. 1321., Cui-t. Fl. Lond. 6. t. 36.
E n g ra v in g s E n g . Bot., t. 1321. ; and o u r/ïg . 84.
Spec. Char., 4e. Stem suffruticose, procumbent, branched, branches elongated.
Leaves scarcely revolnte at the margins ; under surface cinereously hoary ;
upper surface green, pilose, somewhat ciliated. Lower leaves
somewhat orbicular, middle ones ovate-elliptical, upper ones
oblong. Stipules oblong-linear, ciliated, longer than the footstalks
o f the leave.s. Racemes loose. Pedicels and calyxes
pilase. (Don’s M ill.) A procumbent sub-evergreen undershrub.
Europe and Britain, in dry and hilly pastures. Height
6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers yellow ; May to September.
Varieties. There is a very handsome double-flowered variety,
with pale yellow flowers ; and another, called Lee’s new double
yellow, with dark yellow flowers ; both o f which are in general
cultivation in the nurseries. D e Candolle also notices two
forms o f the species : one with tomentose pubescent branches, R-'rigte.
and stipules scarcely longer than the footstalks o f the leaves ; and another
with branches glabrous at the base, but pubescent upwards, and the stipules
twice or thrice the length o f the petioles o f the leaves.
The stamens, if touched during sunshine, spread slowly, and lie down upon
the petals. (Smith.) “ A very variable species,” even in a wild state ; and,
in gardens, many beautiful varieties, single and double, have been originated
from it by cross fecundation with Continental helianthemums, and perhaps with
cistuses.
¡i„ 2. H. ( v .) s u r r e j a 'n u m Mill. The Surrey
Helianthemum, or Sun Rose.
lien tifica tio n . Mill. D i c t , No. 16. ; Swt. Cist., t. 28. j
D o n ’s Mill., I. p . 311.
S ynonyme. Cistus su rrejàn u s h i n . Sp. 743., Sm ith 's E n g .
Bot.
Dill. E l th ., 177. t. 145. f. 174.; Swt. Cist.,
Eng. B o t., t. 2207. ; and o u r f ig . 85.
Spec, Char,, ^ c . Stem suffruticose, procum-
bent. Leaves ovate oblong, rather pilose.
R a c em e s man y -flow e red , te rm in a l. P e - 85. Heliánthemwm siirrejamun.
tals narrow, lanceolate, jagged. (Dan’s M ill.) A procumbent, sufòever-
m-een suffruticose, undershrub. Britain, in Surrey, near Croydon. Height
6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers yellow, with the petals distinct, and the calyxes piiose ;
July to October.
IU 3. H. (v.) s e r p y l l i f o ' l i u m M ill. The Wild-Thyme-leaved Helianthemum,
or Sun Rose.
Identification. Mill. Dict. No . 8. ; D o n ’s Mill., 1. p. 311.
S vni.nyme. Cistus serpyllifillius I.ia . S p .j4 » ._
E ngravings. Swt. Cist., t. 6 0 .; and cox fig .
Spec. Char., Sjc. Stem suffruticose. Branches ascendent,
glabrous a t th e base, and pilose a t th e apex.
Leaves oblong-elliptical, with revolute margins ; under
surface hoary-tomentose ; upper surface intensely
green, shining, at first ra th e r pilose, afterwards almost
smooth. Stipules and bracteas green, ciliated. Calyxes
canescent, with inconspicuous down, and with —
th e nerves sparingly pilose. (Doris M ill.) A trailing, s®- n ..eno-,iif.i¡um. _
sub-evergreen, suffruticose undershrub. Alps o f Styria and Austria, and m
B ritain, in Somersetshire. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced m 1731 ; discovered
in England in 1826. Flowers large, yellow, with th e petals distinct;
May to September.
4. H . ( v .) g r a n d i f l o ' r u m Dec. The large-flowered Helianthemum, or
Sun Rose.
Identification. D e c . F l. F r ., 4. p. 821. ; D o n ’s Mill., 1 -P - 311-
Synonyme. Cistus gnindiflbrus Scop. Carn. ed. 2. No. 648. t. 25.
E ngravings. Swt. Cist., t . 69. i Scop. C am ., ed. 2. t. 25. ; and o u r f ig . 87.
Sjiec. Char., Sjc. Stem suffruticose, ascending. Branches hairy.
U pper leaves flattish, oblong, ra th e r pilose; upper surface
green, under surface sometimes pale cinereous. Stqiules
ciliated, ra th e r longer than th e footstalks of th e leaves.
Flowers large. Calyxes ra th e r hairy. (Doris M ill.) A neat,
little, bushy, sub evergreen,siifffiiticose undershrub, bearing a
close resemblance to H. vulgàre, b u t larger in all its parts.
Pyrenees. H e ig h t 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced m 1800.
Flowers large, pale yellow ; Ju n e to August.
5. H . (v .) t a u ' r i c u m Fisch. T h e Taurian Helianthemum, or Sun Rose.
Identification. F isc b . M S S .; D o n ’s Mill., 1. p. 312,
E n g ra vin g s. Swt. Cist., 105.; and o u r / ig . 88.
8 7 . H . g r a n d if lò n ir a .
Spec. Char., 4e. Stem suffruticose, much branched, procumbent.
Branches procumbent, beset with long hairs.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, with ra th e r revolute margins,
pilose on both surfaces, green above, and paler beneath.
Stipules lanceolate-linear, ciliated, longer than th e petiole.
Flowers large. Calyx shining, ra th e r hairy. Pe ta ls imbricate.
(Don’s Mill.) A procumbent, sub-evergreen, suffruticose
undershrub. Tanria. Height 6 in.
to 1 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers
large, pale yellow ; May to October,
ss. B. taúricum. Re'semblcs H . grandiflòrum ; b u t differs
from it in the branches spreading flat on the ground, and
extending to a great distance.
6 . H . ( v . ) a p e n n i 'n u m Dec. The Apennine Helianthemum,
or Sun Rose.
Identification. D e c . F l. F r ., 4. p. 824 ; D o n ’s Mill., 1. p. 313.
S ynonymes. Cistus apennlnus L in . Sp. 744.?, D ill. Elth . 170. ; Cistus hispidus
ß L am . Diet. 2. p. 26. ; E rb a bottoncina, Ita l.
E n gravings. Swt. Cist., t. 62.; and o u r jfg . 89. «9. H, «pennìnum.