FRUT ICE TUM B R ITA N N ICUM .
Champlain, in Pennsylvania, and high inonntains in Carolina and
ÍTeorgia.
¥ Q. t. 2 sinudsa Michx. Quer. t. 25.— Leaves deeply sinuated. Cup flat
and turbinated. N u t ovate. Native o f South Carolina and Georgia.
I ’lie trunk is straight, and is covered with a deeply fuiTowcd bark o f middling
thickness, hut always hlack, o r o f a very deep brown c o lo u r; whence
probably th e tre e tlerives its common name in America, viz. th e black oak.
The da'-k hue o f th e bark easily distinguishes this tre e from Q. riibra, Q. coccínea,
and Q. ambigua, in th e northe rn provinces ; but, in th e so u th ern ones,
1588. « .tin c to ria .
Q. falcàta having bark o f th e same colour, Q. tin ctò ria can only be distinguished
by its buds, which are longer, more acuminate, and more scaly,
than those o f th e former species. T h c inner bark o f Q. tinctòria, if chewed
IS very bitter, and gives a yellow tinge to th e saliva, which is n o t th e case with
th e bark o f Q. falcàta. The wood is reddish, coarse-grained, and porous,
h k e th a t o f all th e red oaks. Th e leaves are large, deeply laciniated, and
i/sem b le those o f Q coccínea, b u t they have fewer lobe.s, never exceedim^
to u r o r five ; while th e leaves o f the old trees o f Q. coccínea have from five
to seven ; they are also less ojienly and roundly sinuated, less shining, and ofa
dill er green ; and, during a p a rt o f th e summer, have the ir surfaces roughened
with .small glands, which are visible to th e eye and sensible to th e touch, and
which arc also found on th e young shoots. In autumn, th e leaves o f xoiing
trees tu rn to a dull red ; b u t those on old trees become yellow, o r o f a yellowish
hvown, beginning with th e petiole. Th e wood is used as a substitute
ior th e white oak, and tlie bark lo r tanning, and for dyeing le ath er a brilliant
yellow.
¥ 19. Q. PALU'STRIS Widd. Tile Marsii, or 2Hn, Oak.
• 5 M ic h x . Q u e r .. N o . 19. ; P u r s h F I . A m e r . S e p t . . 2. p . <131.
S p u m y , n e s . t ì .m n n t à m i /«rirfrf. e d . 183G B a n i s t e r / I x ) d d . C a t. e d . 1836.
E u p t n m t g s . M io h x . Q u e r . , t. 3 3 , 3 4 , ; N . A m e r . S y l . , 1. t . 2 7 . ;
f i ¿ | 5gg° > 1 s t e d i t . , v o l. v i ii . ; a n d c u r
Spec. Char., Leaves smooth, oblong, deeply
and widely sinuated, on long stalks ; lohes distan
t, parallel, acute, sharply to o th ed , bristle-
p o in ted ; forks o f th c veins densely woolly beneath.
Calyx o f th e fruit flattened. N u t nearly
globose. (W id d .) A large deciduous tree.
Northern States o f N o rth America. Height
80 ft. Introduc ed in 1800.
T h e tre e , when young, assumes an agreeable
pyramidal sh ap e ; and its far-extending drooping
branches, and light and elegant foliage, render it,
ill o u r opinion, th e most graceful o f all oaks. The
bai'k on th e oldest tre es of Q. palùstris is scarceiy
ever cracked : on j’oiing trees it is perfectly smooth.
1690. «. p a iistris.
iî l/C'Í.ÜL.
The wood is coarse-grained, and resembles th a t o f th e red oak. lu th e climate
of London, th e tre e is remarkably hardy, and its ra te o f growth is much
more rapid than th a t o f every o th e r American oak, unless we except Q. ambigua,
which is very rarely to be met with. This may be rendered obvious
at a glance, by inspecting th e line o f oaks a t Messrs. Loddiges’s, where the re
arc three trees, marked Q. palùstris, Q. Banisteri, and Q. montàna, (all o f
whicli are th e Q. jialiistris o f Michaux,) which are above 30 ft. liigh, which is
several feet higher than any o f th e othe rs, with the single exception o f Q. ambigua.
Tlie same re su lt as already mentioned (p. 8 6 2 .) is observable in th e Bois
de Boulogne. Tlie leaves are much smaller than those o f tlie olh e r species o fth is
section : they are smooth, o f a pleasing green, supported on very long petioles,
and, on old trees, arc very deeply laciniated. On young trees, they are much
less so, as will be seen b y / g . 1589., copied from Michaux’s Hutoire des
Chênes, in which a is a seedling o f one yea r old, and b a le af from a tre e two
years old. T h e acorns (fig . 1566. i) are small, round, and contained in
flat shallow cups.
20. Q. C a t e s b æ ' / Willd. T h e Barren Scmib, or Catesby’s, Oak.
Id e n tific a tio n . W i lld . S p , I ’l., 4, p 446. ; M ic h x . Q n o r ., N o . 17. ; P u r s h F l . A m e r . S e j i t . , 2. p . 630.
S y n o n y in e s . Q. r ù b r a ii A b b . a n d S m ilh I m . 1. p . 27. ; (Ì.. Æ 's c u li d iv i s ù r a , & c ., C a t. C a r . 1. I. 23.
E n g r a v in g s . M ic h x . Q u e r ., t . 29, 3 0 . ; a n d o u r ,fig s . 1591. a n d 1592.
Spec. Char., 4’c. Leaves smooth, oblong, wedge-shaped at th e base, deeply
and widely sinuated, on sh o rt s ta lk s: lobes 3 o r 5, rlivaricated, acute, 2- or
3-cleft, bristle-pointed, ( ’alyx of th e fruit turbinate, half as long as the
niit. (Wid d .) A deciduous shrub or low tre e. Carolina and Georgia,
lle ig h t 15 ft. to 30 ft. In tro d u c ed in 1823.
The general a[)pearance o f this tre e is stunted ; its tru n k is crooked, dividing
into branches at 2 o r 3 feet from the ground, and covered with a thick,
blackish, deeply furrowed bark The foliage is open, and its leaves are
large, smooth, thick, and coriaceous towards th e close o f summer, deeply
and irregularly laciniated, and su p p o ited on sh o rt petioles. With th e first
frost, they change to a dull red, and fall th e ensuing month. The acorns are