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Some which had attained a large size at Kew, and other places in the neigli
boLirhood of London, were killed by the win te r o f 1837-8.
g_ 62. 7?. m ic ro c a 'rp a Lindl. The small-fruited Rose.
Identification. Lindi, Ros. Mon., 130. t. 18. ; Doc. P rod., 2. p. GOl.
Synoni/me. R . cymòsa Tratt. Ros. 1. p. 87.
ETigràvings. Lindl. Rosar. Monog., t. 18. ; and oav fig . G31.
S})ec. Qhar.y <§-c. Prickles scattered, recurved. Leaflets
3—5, lanceolate, shining, the two surfaces
different in colour. Petioles pilose. Stipules
bristle-shaped or awl-shaped, scarcely attached to
the petiole, deciduous. Flowers disposed in dichotomous
corymbs. Peduncles and calyxes glabrous.
Styles scarcely protruded higher than the
plane of the spreading of.the flower. F ruit globose,
pea-shaped, scarlet, shining. Allied to 11. Banksf«^.
{Dec. Prod.) A rambling sub-evergreen shrub.
China, in the province of Canton. Height 8 ft. to
10 ft. Introd. 1822. Flowers white, numerous, small; May to September.
^ 63. R. h y 's t r i x Lindl. The Porcupine Rose.
Identification. Lindl. Ros Monog., p . 129- ; D o n ’s Mill., 2. p. 594.
Engravings. L indl. Ros. Monog., 1 .17. ; and ourjig-. 632.
Spec. Char., ó'c. Prickles on branches unequal,
crowded, larger ones falcate, small ones straight.
Stipules very narrow, united half way, the free part
deciduous. Leaflets three, smooth, ovate, shining,
simply serrated, with a few prickles on the middle
nerve. Sepals nearly entire ; permanent. Fruit
bristly. {Don's Mill.) A rambling shrub, with
flagelliform branches. China and Japan. Flowers
large, solitary. F ru it oblong purple.
631. R . mic ro cà rp a .
Other Species and Varieties o f Ro.9a. — In the cata logue
of Messrs. Loddiges, 147 species are registered, 632. / -------
of all o f which, with one or two exceptions, there are living plants. The
garden varieties in the same collection amount to about 1500. There is
indeed no end lo the garden varieties, new ones being every year raised
from seed, and old varieties every year disappearing. New species are also
occasionally introduced, and several have been lately raised in the Hort.
Soc. Garden from Himalayan seeds. For species we recommend tiie cultivator
to have recourse to the collection of Messrs. Loddiges, and for garden
varieties to the most fasliionable nurserymen o f the time. In Rivers’s Abridged
List of Roses, 1S40, he recommends, as a selection for small gardens :— Provence
roses, 7 ; moss roses, 8 ; liybrid Provence roses, 7 ; hybrid China roses,
2 0 ; French roses, 16; 77òsa alba, 9 ; damask roses, 6 ; Scotch roses, 8 ;
sweet briars, 5 ; Austrian briars, 2 ; Ayrshire roses, 6 ; 72òsa multiflòra, 3 ;
evergreen roses, 7 ; Boursault roses, 4 ; Banksian roses, 2 ; hybrid climbing
roses, 4 ; perpetual roses, 12 ; Bourbon roses, 7; China roses, 15 ; tea-scented
roses, JI ; miniature roses, 5 ; Noisette roses, 12; musk roses, 3 ; Macartney
ro.ses, 3 ; TÌòsa microphylla, 3. In all, 185 sorts ; which would form a very
efficient rosarium.
Soil and Situation adapted for Roses.
The common wild roses will grow in very poor soil, provided it be dry;
but all the cultivated sorts require a soil naturally light and free, and more or
less enriched. The situation should be open and airy, exposed to the east,
or, in warm situations, to the north, rather than to the so u th ; because the
intensity of the sun’s rays accelerates too rapidly the expansion of the flowers,
and also diminishes the colour and fragrance of the petals. A rose-garden,
fully exposed to the sun during the whole day, may have a useful degree of
shade given to it by the distribution of a few standard roses o f not less than
8 or 10 feet in h e ig h t; or by the introduction o f frames of wood or wire, in
the forms of obelisks, gnomons, crosses, columns surmounted by globes, or
cones, on which climbing roses may be trained. These would produce no
bad effect by their drip, and yet by their shadow, which would vary with the
position o f the sun, they would afford a salutary protection to the dwarf
roses by which they were surrounded; and thus produce,in some degree, the
same object as a cool situation and exposure. The rose is one of those plants
that will not thrive in the neighbourhood o f towns where the prevailing fuel
is pit-coal; hence th e roses grown within a circle of ten miles o f the metropolis
are much inferior in beauty to those grown a t f tu b le that distance.
In country residences, roses are generally distributed in the margins of
shrubberies along with other flowering shrubs; but, considering the culture
they require, it is impossible they can thrive in such a situation ; and, even if
they did thrive, the kind of beauty which they would produce would be of a
character so different from th a t of a general shrubbery, as to require their
exclusion from it. The only roses fit to be planted in a shrubbery are the
single kinds, in their wild state. Roses, and all other kinds of shrubs o r
trees th a t are far removed from a slate of nature, and valued for something
produced by art, either in their flowers, fruit, habit, or leaves, should be grown
in situations where the a rt which produced the artificial effect can be employed.
Hence all fruit-bearing trees and shrubs should be grown in orchards,
in kitchen-gardens, or in some place by themselves, so as to admit of properly
cultivating the soil, and managing the plants. Roses, and all doubleflowering
shrubs, ought, in like manner, to be grown by themselves ; and the
same principle will apply to shrubs having any peculiarity m their foliage, and
even in their mode of growth. The continuation of the peculiarity may not
always require a rich s o il; on the contrary, it will generally he found to have
been produced by a soil and situation of a peculiar n a tu r e : but th a t peculiarity
of soil it is 'a s much the object of a rt to imitate, as it is to form the rich
soil, and favourable situation, which produce large or double flowers, or large
and succulent fruit, or variegated leaves. Hence, to cultivate roses properly,
they must be grown either in groups by themselves on a lawn, or in a flower-
garden ; or be connected into a system of groups or beds, in a rosarium, or
rose-garden. On this subject, and ou the pnining, and general treatment o
roses! we must refer to the first edition o f this work, where it will be found
given a t great length, illustrated with numerous diagrams, having relerence to
propagation, training, pruning, the forniation of rosariums, for which .several
plans are given, and the destruction of insects.
Rosarmm, or riosrtMW.—Where it is intended to plant a collection o. roses,
the best effect will be produced by devoting a group to each section ; simh as
one to moss roses, another to Noisettes, a third to Scotch roses, &c. These
groups ought generally to be planted with dwarfs rather than standards; because
the former are more conveniently looked upon by the spectator : but a
handsome standard may, frequently, occupy the centre oi each group, if it is
a circle or a square; and two or three in n line, or radiating from a point it
it is of a long or an irregular ftirm. Sometimes a group may be surrounded
by a row of standards, which, in th a t case, should have clear stems, not less
than 7 ft, high, through which the dwarf roses may be seen by persons walking
round the group. Standard roses, in general, have the best effect when formed
into an avenue along the margin of a walk j and for this purpose they are
very suitable for common flower-gardens, where the groups, iftte a d of being
planted with dwarf roses, are filled with herbaceous plants. Ih e sizes ot the
different groups in a rosarium ought to be proportioned to the number of varieties
belonging to the section to be planted in each, the btflk which they
attain, and their habit o f growth. F o r these purposes, the Abndgcd List ot
■Messrs. Rivers may be taken as a basis; and, as it contains 27 groups, these
may ue represented by 27 beds of different dimensions.
J