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The species is propagated by the nut; which, when the tree is to be grown
Ê e t-m r Z Î "ret sown where it is finally to remain, on account of
? the i. ' ’w? "■ i*re fo" influence on the vigour and prosperitv
sftulrions S i s o ? T i,t o3Yi T®1 ? ® It IS finally to remain, for the rsoaonkiy! leasons. In soils on moist or otherwise
1416 J . règia.
unfavourable subsoils, if sown
where it is finally to remain, a tile,
slate, or flat stone, should he placed
under the nut at the depth of 3 or
4 inches, in order to give the taproot a
horizontal direction ; or, if this precaution
has been neglected, after the
plants have come up, the taproot
may be cut through with a spade 6 or
Sinclms below the nut, as is sometimes
practised in nurseries with young
plants of the liorsechestnut, sweet
chestnut, walnut, and oak. On the
other hand, when the walnut is planted
in soil which has a dry or rocky subsoil,
or among rocks, no precaution ofthis’
sort is necessary : on the contrary, it
would be injurious, by preventing the
taproot from descending, and deriving
that nourishment from the subsoil
which, fi om the nature of the surface
soil. It could not there obtain. The
varieties may be propagated by budding
grafting, inai-ching, or layering, in common soil. Tbe walnut tree attains
the argest size in a deep loamy soil, dry rather than moist; but t h f M t
has the b e / flavour, and produces most oil. when the tree is grown in cal
Ml eous soils or among calcareous rocks ; in a wet-bottomed soil, whatever
may be the character of the surface, it will not thrive. wnatevei
Î 2. J . NI'GRA i . The black-ioooded Walnut Tree.
Engravings. Michx. Arh., 1.
t. I . ; Michx, North Amer.
Sylva, t. 30. ; Dend. Brit., t.
158. ; the plate of this tree in
Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ;
and o u r/g -. 1417.
Spec. Char., êfc. Leaflets,
in a leaf, 1,3—17;. cordate
acuminate, unequal
at the base, serrated,
and somewhat
downy ; lateral ones
iipen short petiolules.
Fruit globose, roughish
with minute prominent
points, situated upon a
sliort inflexible peduncle.
Nut globose, somewhat
compressed at the
sides, ridged and furrowed.
(Michx.') A
large deciduous" tree. i.m.
Height 60 ft. to 100 ft.
New England to Florida, in fertile soil in woods.
Introduced in 1656. Flowers greenish; April and May. Fruit with a
green husk, enclosing a brown nut.
Varieties. None are in cultivation; but a hybrid between this species and
J. nigra has been noticed in p. 733.
The growth of the tree is remarkably quick, more so than that of the European
walnut. At 8 or 10 years of age it begins to bear, and age increases
its fertility. No tree will grow under its shade, and even grass is injured by
it. In 40 years, in good soil, it will attain the height of from 50 ft. to 60 ft.
The heart-wood, which is black, remains sound for a long period, when exposed
to heat and moisture ; but the sap-wood speedily decays. When properly
seasoned, the wood is strong, tough, and not liable to warp or split. It
is never attacked by worms, and has a grain sufficiently fine and compact to
adm it o f a beautifuIr pp-olish. The tree is universally raised from the nut, which,
after being imported, ought to be sown immediately, as it seldom retains i
vital power more than six months after it has ripened.
¥ 3. J. cine'rea I j. The ^Qy-hranched Walnut Tree, or Butter-nut.
Ideniification. Lin. Sp. Pl., 1415. ; Willd. Sp. P l.,4 . p. 4.56. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 636.
Svnonvmes. J. cathártica North Amer. Sylva, 1. p. 160—165. t. 31. ; J. oblónga Mill. Dict. No. 3. ;
Oil-nut, White Walnut, Amer. ; Noyer cendré, Fr.; graue Walnuss, Ger.
Engravings. Michx. Arb., 1 .1. 2. ; Michx. North Amer. Sylva, t. 31. ; and omfig . 1418.
Spec. Char., 4c. Petiole villous. Leaflets, in a leaf, 15—17; lanceolate,
rounded at the base, serrate with shallow teeth ; tomentose beneath ; lateral
ones sessile. Fruit oblong-ovate,
with a tapered tip, downy, covered
with viscid matter in small
transparent glanded hairs, pendulous
on a flexible peduncle.
Nut oval, with an acuminate
tip, very rough with prominent
irregular ridges. {Michx.) A
large deciduous tree. Canada to
Virginia, and on the Alleghany
Mountains. Height 30 ft. to 60 ft.
Introduced in 1656. Flowers
greenish; April and May. Fruit
a green husk, enclosing a brown
nut ; ripe in October.
This species grows with equal
rapidity, when young, as the J.
nigra ; but the trunk ramifies at a
less height; and the branches extending
more horizontally than
those of most other trees, and
spreading widely, a large and flat
tufted head is formed, which gives
the tree, in America, more especially
1418. J . cinèrea.
in exposed situations, a most remarkable appearance.
G enus I I .
Its
CA'RYi* N u tta ll. T h e C a r y a , or IIicKOR\ T r e e . Lin. Syst.
Monoe'cia Tetr-Hex-andria.
Identfication. Nutt. Geta N. Amer. Pi., 2. p. 220. ; Liudley Nat. Syst. of Bot.. p. 180.
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