ed. 3, iv. p. 9 ; Engl. Bot. t. 582. L. incanus Relh. El. Cantab, p.
424 (1785)? Lecidea canescens Ach. Meth. p. 83 (1803); Tayl.
in Mackay El. Hih. ii. p. 130; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 76 ; Leight.
Lich. FI. p. 302 ; ed. 3, p. 313. Placodium canescens DC. PI.
Franc, ii. p. 379 (1805); Hook, in Sm. Engl. El. v. p. 197.
Lepidoma canescens S. P. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 462 (1821). Diploicia
canescens Massal. Ric. Lich. p. 86, hg. 177 (1852); Mudd Man.
p. 169, t. 3, t i g . 60.
Exsicc. Dicks. Hort. Sicc. Brit. n. 24 ; Leight. n. 62 ; Larb.
Lich. Hb. n. 104 & Lich. Cæsar. n. 33 ; Carroll Lich. Hib.
n. 18; Cromb. n. 178.
Apt at first sight to be confused with Placodium candicans, but
well distinguished by the form of the black apothecia and the dark-
coloured spores.
Hah. On old trees, rooks, and walls.—Distr. Frequent in the
Channel Islands, England, and Ireland ; somewhat rare in Scotland
and Wales.—B. M. Huet Bay, Guernsey; Fliquet Bay, Jersey;
Sark ; I. of Wight ; near Penzance and St. Minver, Cornwall ;
Tregantle, Devon ; Netley Abbey and near Lymington, Hants ;
Gljmde, Beeding Priory, Hurstpierpoint, Aldrington, Angmering,
Boxgrove, Ardingly, and near Lewes, Sussex ; near Cheam, Surrey ;
Hythe, Lydd, and Penshurst, Kent ; near Hendon, Middlesex ; Danbury
Park, Ulting, and Walthamstow, Essex; near Elstree, Herts;
Windsor Great Park, Berks ; Lechlade, Gloucestershire ; Whittington
and Norton, Worcestershire ; Gopsall Park and Twycross, Leicestershire
; Dolgelly and Aberdovey, Merioneth ; Wimpole Park and
Gamlingay, Cambridgeshire ; Ickworth, Suffolk ; Yarmouth and
Eaton, Norfolk; Bastón Hill, Lincoln; Pwllheli, Carnarvonshire;
Harboro’ Magna, Warwickshire; Clifton Grove, Nottinghamshire;
near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Gainsford, Durham; Hexham,
Northumberland ; Queen’s Park, near Edinburgh ; Den of Mains,
Forfarshire; Nigg, Kincardineshire; Ballachulish, Argyll; Dromoland,
Agharda and Middleton, Cork ; Carrigogunnel, Limerick ;
Coolmore, Donegal.
_2. B. epigæa Tuckerm. Gen. Lich. p. 185 (1872).—Thallus
whitish, orbicular, radiate-plicate a t the circumference, farinose,
sometimes reduced to scattered squamules. Apothecia black, subsessile,
plane, becoming convex, whitish- or bluish-pruinose, the
margin thin, a t first prominent, a t length disappearing; hypothecium
brown or blackish-brown ; paraphyses loosely coherent,
often septate, dark-brownish-black a t the apices ; spores elliptical,
obtuse a t the ends, sometimes constricted in the middle, 0,016-21
mm. long, 0,007-9 mm. thick.—Lichen epigæus Pers. in Ust.
Ann. vii. pp. 25, 155 (1794). Lecidea epigæa Schær. Spicil.
Lich. Helv. p. 118 (1828).
Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 312.
Somewhat similar to the preceding, but differs in the non-sorediate
thallus and the larger spores.
Hab. On the ground.—E. M. Thetford Warren, Norfolk.
3. B. alocizoides A. L. Sm.—Thallus whitish-grey, thin,
tartareous, pulverulent or almost evanescent (K —, CaCl — ).
Apothecia scattered, punctiform, immersed, then superficial,
adnate, plane, brownish-black (paler when moist), with a paler
margin ; hypothecium colourless or faintly brownish ; paraphyses
subdiscrete, clavate and brown a t the apices ; spores rounded-
oblong, dark-brown, 0,014-16 mm. long, 0,007-9 mm. thick.—
Lecidea alociza Cromb. in Journ. Bot. ix. p. 178 (1871) (non
Massal.) ; Leight. Lich. FL p. 310. L. alocizoides Leight. Lich.
PI. ed. 3, p. 325 (1879).
Characterized by the absence of areolation in the thallus and the
minute emerging apothecia with colourless hypothecium.
Hab. On rocks chiefly calcareous.—Bistr. Eare in central England
and N. Wales.—E. M. Buxton, Derbyshire ; Eglwyseg Rocks and
Llandudno, Denbighshire.
4. B. spuria Koerb. Parerg. Lich. p. 183 (1860).—Thallus
dull-ash-greyish, smooth and cracked, areolate or in scattered
warts and granules ; hypotballus blackish. Apothecia black,
small, appressed or somewhat prominent, plane, with a thin
evanescent margin ; hypothecium colourless or brownish ; paraphyses
loosely coherent, dark-brown or olive-brown a t the clavate
apices ; spores elliptical or oblong-elliptical, obtuse a t the ends,
somewhat slightly constricted, dark-brown, 0,008-15 mm. long,
0,004-7 mm. thick.—Lecidea spuria Schær. Spicil. Lich. Helv.
p. 127 (1828) & Enum. p. 114 (1850) ; Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3,
p. 318. Buellia verruculosa var. /3 spuria Mudd Man. p. 215
(1861).
Exsicc. Leight. n. 217 pro parte.
Distinguished from E. verruculosa, a variety of which Mudd
regarded it, by the colourless hypotheoium.
Hab. On rocks.—Bistr. Bare in W., Central and N. England and
Wales ; not recorded from Scotland or Ireland, but probably overlooked.—
E. M. Lynmouth, Devon ; Lyth Hill, Shropshire ; Carlton
Bank, Cleveland and near Ayton, Yorkshire.
5. B. occulta Koerb. Parerg. Lich. p. 186 (1860).—Thallus
greyish-yellow, effuse, thin, minutely cracked-areolate, the areolæ
somewhat convex (K + yellow, C a C l - ) ; hypotballus black.
Apothecia minute, blackish-brown, adnate and margined by the
thallus, becoming convex, the proper margin more or less visible ;
hypothecium yellowish ; paraphyses indistinct, dark-brown and
clavate a t the tip s ; spores ellipsoid, 0,014-17 mm. long, 0,007-8
mm. thick.—Lecidea occulta Leight. in Grevillea i. p. 58, t. 4, f. 6
(1872), & Lich. FL ed. 3, p. 325. L. leucoclinella Nyl. ex Cromb.
in Journ. Bot. ix. p. 179 (1871) & xi. p.. 135 (1873); Leight.
Lich. FI. p. 310; ed. 3, p. 325.
Exsicc. Leight. n. 217 pro parte.
Differs from the p>receding in the colour of the thallus, which is
thinner and often somewhat scattered, Crombie (I. c.) included