thamstow and Epping Forest, Essex; Haughmond Hill, Church
Stretton and near Shrewsbury, Shropshire ; Newton, near AVorcester;
Dolgelly, Merioneth; Llandudno, Carnarvonshire; King’s Lynn,
Norfolk; near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Aberfeldy, Perthshire;
Lochaber, Invernessshire; Carrigaloe, Summerstown, Castlemartyr
and Ballyedmond, Cork ; near Derrycurrihy, Dinish Island and Killarney,
Kerry ; Castleconnel and Adare, Limerick; Dromoland, Clare.
2. A. hiformis Oliv. Exp. Syst. ii. 2, p. 246 (1901).—Thallus
effuse, white or whitish-grey, thin, somewhat pulverulent, sometimes
slightly cracked or wrinkled. Perithecia numerous, small,
semi-immersed, prominent, the ostiole a t first a minute pore
becoming widened and to r n ; peritheciai wall incurved, thin
under the b a se ; paraphyses slender, numerous; spores obliquely
uniseriate, sometimes almost biseriate, ellipsoid, 1-septate, colourless,
0,012-16 mm. long, 0,005-7 ram. thick.— Verrucaria hiformis
Borr. in Engl. Bot. Suppl. n. 2617, fig. 1 (1829); Hook, in
Sm. Engl. PL V . p. 150; Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 89 ;
Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 37, t. 16, fig. 2 & Lich. El. p. 439 ;
ed. 3, p. 468; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 119. V. hyssacea Tayl.
I. c. (non Ach.) fide Leight. Thelidium hiformis Mudd Man.
p . 297 (1861).
Exsicc. Leight. n. 100; Aludd n. 286.
Nearly allied to the preceding, but differing in the more numerous
smaller apothecia and smaller spores, which are often unequally
2-celled and tapering towards the base. The peritheciai wall is
described by Leighton and Mudd as entire, but although black and
thick over the upper surface, it is brown below, the perithecium being
seated on the substratum.
Hdb. On trunks of trees.—Distr. Somewhat common throughout
England, AA^ales and Ireland, not reported from Scotland.—B. M.
Torquay, Devon ; St. Leonard’s Forest, AVoolsenbury, Clayton and
Poynings, Sussex ; Hadleigh AVoods, Springfield, Hatfield Peverel and
AValthamstow, Essex ; Shere, Surrey; Gopsall, Leicestershire;
Yoxall, Staffordshire ; Shelton Rough near Shrewsbury, Shropshire ;
Bettws-y-Coed, Carnarvonshire; Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Tullagreen,
Cork; Ardtully and Dromore, near Dunkerrow and near
Killarney, Kerry; Clonmel, Tipperary; Adare and Castleconnel,
Limerick; Renvyle, Connemara, Galway.
Var. conformis A. L. Sm.—Similar to the species, bu t
differing in the more distinctly dimidiate peritheciai wall, and
occasionally in the biguttulate contents of the spore-cells.—
VerruGcia conformis Nyl. in Elora xlvii. p. 357 (1864); Carroll
in Journ. Bot. vi. p. 101 (1868); Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 119;
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 430; ed. 3, p. 463.
Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. (without number).
Hab. On bark of trees.—Distr. Eare in Channel Islands, AVales
and S. and AV. Ireland.—B. M. Jersey; Ballynahinoh, Galway.
3. A. epipolsea A. L. Sm.—Thallus greyish or whitish,
sometimes tinged with rose, tartareous or powdery, very thin,
sometimes obsolete. Perithecia dull-brownish-black, sometimes
partly pruinose, ra th e r large bu t mixed with smaller, conical or
hemispherical, slightly immersed, spreading a t the base, the
ostiole papillate, shining ; peritheciai wall dimidiate ; paraphyses
numerous, slender ; asci cylindrical ; spores oblong or broadly
ellipsoid, 1-septate, 0,015-23 mm. long, 0,007-9 mm. thick.
Verrucaria epipolsea I3orr. in Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2647, fig. 3
(1830) (non Ach.) ; Hook, in Sm. Engl. El. v. p. 154 ; Tayl. in
Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 92 ; Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 61, t. 26,
fig. 2. V. conoidea Fr. Lich. Eur. p. 432 (1831) ; Cromb. Lich.
Brit. p. 118 ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 430 ; ed. 3, p. 460. Thelidium
conoideum Mudd Man. p. 296 (1861).
Exsicc. Leight. n. 31 ; Mudd n. 286 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 118.
Hab. On calcareous rocks.—Distr. Frequent throughout England,
AVales and Ireland, rare in Scotland.—B. M. Shanklin, I. of AVight ;
Torquay, Devon; Hyde, Gloucestershire; Leigh AVoods, Clifton,
Somerset ; Llanymynech and Llanorda, Oswestry, Shropshire ; Beddgelert,
Merioneth ; Great Orme’s Head, Carnarvonshire ; Youlgrcaye,
Derbyshire ; Ingleby, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; near Cork ; Derryquin,
Kerry ; Ballinakill, Connemara, Galway.
4. A. Salweii A. L. Sm.—Thallus white or greyish, thin, ta r tareous,
powdery or nearly obsolete. Perithecia black, rather large,
prominent almost globose, slightly immersed or almost entirely
sessile, somewhat wrinkled, the ostiole poriform ; peritheciai
wall thick, black, entire ; paraphyses numerous, slender, distinct ;
asci cylindrical ; spores oblong or broadly ellipsoid, 1-septate,
0.021-23 mm. long, 0,008-011 mm. thick. Verrucaria gemmata
subsp. Salweii Leight. ex Nyl. in Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. sér. 3,
1. p. 435 (1856). V. Salweii Leight. ex Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 118
(1870) ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 439 ; ed. 3, p. 469. Thelidium
Salweii Mudd Man. p. 296 (1861).
Closely allied to the preceding, but differing in the entire peritheciai
wall and the non-papillate ostiole.
Hab. On calcareous or arenaceous rocks and mortar of walls.
Distr. Eare in S. and AV. England and in S. and AV. Ireland.
B. M. Near Hurstpierpoint, Sheffield Park and Danny, Sussex;
Oswestry, Shropshire ; Ingleby, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Glanmire,
Cork.
113. ARTHOPYRENIA Massal. Ric. Lich. p. 165 (1852) &
emend. Gen. Lich. p. 16 (1854) ; Mull.-Arg. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
vi. p. 376 (1885) (excl. Acrocordia). Lejophlea S. P. Gray Nat.
Arr. i. p. 495 (1821) pro parte. Verrucaria subg. Lejophlea
Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 274 (1810) pro parte. (PL 49.)
Thallus crustaceous, superficial or developed within the
substratum. Perithecia simple, always dark-coloured, superficial
or semi-immersed, globose or semi-globose ; paraphyses persistent,
branched and entangled, or sometimes mucilaginous and dis