Apothecia sessile, aggregate, a t first somewhat plane and thinly
margined, a t length hemispherical and immarginate, blackish-
brown or black ; paraphyses concrete, bluish-green a t the apices ;
hypothecium brownish-black ; spores ellipsoid or oblong-fusiform)
l-3-s_eptate, 0,014-24 mm. long, 0,003-6 mm. th ic k ; hymeniaî
gelatine bluish then sordid-violet with iodine. — Mudd Man.
p. 188. Lecidea sahuletorum var. stjncomista Floerke in Berl. Mag.
p. 310 (1808); f. syncomista Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 71 (1870).
L. milliaria var. syncomista Leight. Lich. PI. p. 339 (1871);
ed. 3, p. 362. L. syncomista Cromb. in Grevillea i. p. 172
(1873). ^
Exsicc. Larb. Cæsar. n. 82 & Lich. Hb. n. 315; Cromb
n. 176.
Hab. On sandy ground and on soil in crevices of rocks in mari-
time and upland tracts.—Distr. Local and scarce in England,
VVaffis, and the Channel Islands ; more frequent on the Grampians,
bootland; not seen from Ireland.—E. M. Quenvais, Jersey ; Thetford
Warren, Norfolk ; Black Dale, near Buxton, Derbyshire ; Cader Idris,
Merioneth; Pentregaer, Oswestry, Shropshire; Achosragan Hill
Appm and I. of Lismore, Argyll; Craig Calliaoh, Loch-na-gat, Ben
Lawers and Craig Tulloch, Perthshire; Craig Guie and Morrone,
-Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
Var. perpallescens A. L. Sm.—Thallus squamulose, greyish-
white, the squamules paler a t the margins. Apothecia pale or
pale-brick-red.—Lecidea syncomista subsp. perpallescens Nyl. in
Flora Ixii. p. 361 (1879) ; Cromb. in Grevillea viii. p. 112.
Differs from the type in the constantly paler thallus and apothecia.
Hab. (ffi the soil in crevices of calcareous rocks in a maritime
district.—E. M. I. of Lismore, Argyll.
Var. montana A. L. Sm.—Thallus effuse, thin, greyish or
whitish, granulose. Apothecia aggregate, immarginate ; hypothecium
thick, black; paraphyses dark-bluish-green or b lack;
otherwise as in the type.—Lecidea vernalis var. montana Nyl in
Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. ser. 3, i. p. 354 (1856). L. sahuletorum
t. montana Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 205 (1861); Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 71. L. milliaria var. montana Leight. Lich. PI. p. 339 ('1871') •
ed. 3, p. 362 pro parte. ’
Differs from the type in the thinner more finely granular thallus,
and the mternally blacker apothecia.
On the ground incrusting mosses.—Eisir. Eare in alpine
situations.—E. M. Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; Ben-naboord, Aberdeen-
7. B. squalida J a tta Syll. Lich. Ita l. p. 403 (1900).—Thallus
subdeterminate, squamulose-concrescent, plicate-wrinkled, the
s^ iamu k s sublohulate, often pulvinate, tawny, or greyish-brown
( K - , C aC l- ) . Apothecia small, adnate, plane and thinly
margined, then convex and immarginate, black; hypothecium
colourless or brownish ; paraphyses coherent, dark-brown or
greenish-blue a t the clavate apices ; spores cylindrical or fusiform-
cylindrical, simple or 3-septate, 0,018-36 mm. long, 0,004-5 mm.
thick ; hymenial gelatine bluish then wine-red with iodine.—
Lichen squalidus Schleicher in Schrad. Neu. Journ. Bot. i. 2, p. 199
(1806) nomen. Lecidea squalida Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 169 (1810) ;
Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xi. p. 136 (1873) ; Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3,
p. 358.
The thallus varies in thickness and sometimes occurs in small
orbicular patches ; the apothecia are numerous and become subglobose
and conglomerate.
Hab. On mosses chiefly Andreæas, and on calcareous soil in
mountainous regions.—Distr. Rare on the Grampians, Scotland.—
E. M. Above Looh-na-gat, Ben Lawers, Perthshire; Craig Guie,
Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Barcaldine, Argyll.
8. B. Candida A. L. Sm.—Thallus glaucous-white, tartareous,
warted-areolate, turgid, sublobate (K —, CaCl — ). Apothecia
minute, solitary or confluent, sessile, black, plane or convex,
marginate ; hypothecium thick, black ; spores linear-cylindrical
or fusiform, 3-septate sometimes 2- or 4-septate, 0,015-16 mm.
long, 0,0035 mm. thick.—Lichen candidus Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1138
(1803). Lecidea Turneri Leight. Lich. FI. p. 330 (1871) ; ed. 3,
p. 353.
I have examined the specimen of Lichen candidus in the Sowerby
herbarium, said by Leighton to be synonymous with his L. Turneri,
and have been unable to find spores ; the hypothecium is thick and
dark, becoming a greenish-brown colour in the hymenium ; the
paraphyses are slender and closely coherent. There is no other
specimen in the British Museum.
Hab. On mortar in walls, etc.—Distr. S. and central England.—
E. M. Near Yarmouth, Norfolk.
9. B. sphæroides Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. p. 213 (1855)
excl. syn.—Thallus effuse, granulose-subpulverulent, greyish- or
greenish-white (K —, CaCl — ). Apothecia moderate, sessile, pale-
yellow, a t first plane with thiokish, paler margin, a t length
convex, subglobose, immarginate ; paraphyses concrete, colourless
or very pale-yellowish ; hypothecium pale ; spores oblong-fusiform,
3-septate, 0,015-21 mm. long, 0,005—7 mm. thick ; hymenial
gelatine pale-bluish then deep wine-red with iodine.—Lichen
sphæroides Dicks. Crypt, fasc. i. p. 9, t. 2, f. 2 (1785) ; With.
Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 15. Lecidea, sphæroides Sommerf. Suppl. FI.
Lapp. p. 164 (1826); S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 474; Cromb.
Lich. Brit. p. 70 ; Leight. Lich. FI. p. 336 ; ed. 3, p. 357.
There is a wide variation in the form and septation of the spores,
from short, 1-septate and almost pyriform to oblong, narrowly fusiform
and 3-septate.
Hab. On trees, on mosses on trees, and on the ground.—Distr.
Rare throughout the British Isles.—E. M. St. Minver, Cornwall ;