felt, I. c., by the areolate crust being subeffigurate at the margins ;
in some specimens, however, to which are referable the British
exsiccata, this character is not so apparent. The thallus occasionally
occurs in small orbicular, scattered patches, when it is form micro-
pliyllina Cromb. in Grevillea I. c. (Fr. Lioh. Europ. p. 105, sub
Parmelia) ; it then somewhat resembles form dispersa of Lecanora
gélida [vide Part I. p. 356).
Hab. On rooks and walls, rarely on the ground, in maritime and
upland situations.—Distr. Only here and there in England, more
frequently on the Grampians, Scotland ; seen from only a few localities
in Ireland.—B. M. Henfield, Sussex ; near Redruth, Cornwall ; Malvern
Hills, Worcestershire ; Cader Idris, Merioneth ; Oswestry and Haughmond
Hill, Shropshire ; Guisboro’ Moor and Cockshaw Bank, Cleveland,
Yorkshire ; Knitsby, Durham ; King’s Park, Stirling ; Achosragan
Hill, Appin and Ben Cruachan, Argyll ; Ben Lawers, Kinnoul Hill,
Trossaohs, and Craig Tulloch, Perthshire ; Countesswells Wood, near
Aberdeen ; Glen Nevis, Invernessshire ; Dunkerron, Kerry ; Ross,
Clare ; Kylemore and near Glendalough, Galway.
24. L. prærimata Nyl. in Flora lix. p. 235 (1876).—Thallus
effuse, continuous, thinnish, rimóse, the rimæ subareolate or
subparallel-radiant, white or whitish, sprinkled with concolorous
convex often confluent soredia (K —, CaCl + red). Apothecia
superficial, small, convex, brown, the epithalline margin
evanescent ; spores not rightly developed.—Cromb. in Grevillea
V. p. 26 ; Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3, p. 282.
Perhaps, as Nylander says (Z. c.), only a subspecies of L. coarctata,
differing in the character of the thallus, more especially the presence
of soredia. In the single British specimen seen there are only in two
instances very faint traces of an epithalline margin to the apothecia,
while the spores are immature and scarcely visible.
Hah. On granitic rocks in a maritime district.—B. M. Jersey (the
only locality).
25. L. Brujeriana Nyl. ex Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 66 (1870).—
Thallus effuse, thinnish, verrucose-glebulose, pale- or sordid-yellow
(K —, K(CaCl) + yellow), a t times subevanescent. Apothecia
sessile, somewhat large, concave, brownish-black or black (epithecium
K(CaCl) + reddish), the margin thickish, repand and
involute ; hypothecium blackish ; paraphyses very slender, discrete
; spores ovoid or ellipsoid, somewhat large, 0,018-21 mm.
long, 0,008-11 mm. th ic k ; hymenial gelatine tawny-yellow with
iodine.—Leight. Lich. FI. p. 281 ; ed. 3, p. 285. Parmelia
coarctata var. ¡3 Brujeriana Schær. Lich. Helv. Fxs. n. 539 (1847).
Exsicc. Leight. n. 390.
Well characterized by the pezizoid apothecia, which at once
distinguish it from all states of L. coarctata, to which it is closely
allied. The thallus is a t times somewhat oohraceous, whence form
ochroides Nyl. ex Stirton in Grevillea ii. p. 71, a state to which two of
the British specimens are referable. The spores are often almost
uniseriate in the narrow elongate asci.
Hab. On schistose rooks in mountainous regions.—Distr. Very
local in N. Wales, N. England, and the S. and N. Grampians,
Scotland.—B. M. Cader Idris, Merioneth; Force Garth, Teesdale,
Durham; Ben Lawers, Perthshire.
26. L. arridens Nyl. in Flora lix. p. 573 (1876).—Thallus
somewhat scattered, very thin, plane, cracked, white or whitish
(K —, CaCl — ), often evanescent. Apothecia small, somewhat
plane, immarginate, irregular, bright rose-flesh-coloured, con-
colourous within, usually with an irregular spurious white
epithalline margin; paraphyses slender, not crowded; perithecium
with the epithecium and hypothecium colourless; spores ellipsoid,
0,014-18 mm. long, 0,007-0,010 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine
tawny-wine-red with iodine.—Cromb. in Grevillea v. p. 106;
Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3, p. 308.
Has a slight resemblance to states of L. coarctata, but differs in the
absence of any thalline reactions, in the colour (persistent) of the
apothecia and of the epithecium, and in the shorter spores. In one of
the two specimens seen the thallus is determinate and small, with the
apothecia sparingly p resent; and in the other it is diffuse and scarcely
visible, with the apothecia more frequent.
Hah. On decomposed quartzose rocks in a mountainous district.—
B. M. Delphi, Connemara, Galway (the only locality).
27. L. granulosa Schaer. Spicil. p. 172 (1833).—Thallus effuse,
thinnish, granulose or leprose, whitish or glaucous-grey (K +
yellowish, CaCl + reddish). Apothecia moderate, appressed, plane
or convex, variable in colour, brick-red, pale- or livid-brown,
blackish, white within, the margin thin, entire or flexuose, pale,
a t length obliterated; hypothecium colourless or pale-greenish-
yellow ; paraphyses coherent, thickish and brownish a t the
apices; spores oblong-ellipsoid, 0,009-16 mm. long, 0,004-7 mm.
th ic k ; hymenial gelatine slightly bluish then reddish or sordid-
violet with iodine.—L. decolorans Floerke inBerl. Mag. iii. p. 193
(1809); S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 470 (1821); Hook. FI. Scot.
ii. p. 39 ; Mudd Man. p. 197; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 66 ; Leight.
Lich. FI. p. 261 ; ed. 3, p. 258. L. quadricolor Hook, in Sm.
Engl. FI. v. p. 182 (1833) ; Tayl. in Mackay FI. Hib. ii. p. 128.
Lichen granulosus Ehrh. Crypt. Fxs. n. 145 (1785). L. quadricolor
Dicks. Crypt, fasc. iii. p. 15, t. ix. f. 3 (1793); Engl. Bot. t.
1185; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 24 (1796). Verrucaria decolorans
Hoffm. Deutschl. FI. ii. p. 177 (1795).
Lxsicc. Leight. nos. 59, 352; Mudd n. 165; Larb. Lich.
Hb. n. 140.
Well characterized by the versicolorous apothecia, the different
tints being apparently due to age; these, however, are not always
present in the same specimen, some plants being merely unicolorous.
On bare moorlands it often spreads extensively, and when sterile and
associated with species of Cladina might be taken for their basal
crust. When lignicolous the thallus is thinner and usually more
pulverulent. The not unfrequent spermogones have the sterigmata