glaucina, incl. subsp. suhfuscella) ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 424 ; ed. 3,
p. 455. V. nigreseens subsp. suhfuscella Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 271
(1861). V. mortarii Leight. Lich. PI. ed. 3, p. 546 (non Arn.).
Endocarpon vvridulum Schrad. Spicil. Fl. Germ. p. 192 (1794).
Lichen tessellatus Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 533 (1798j ? Pyrenula tessellata
S._ F. Gray Nat. Arr. 1, p. 493 (1821)? Sagedia viridula Fr.
Lich. Eur. p. 414 (1831) ; Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 23, t. 7, fig. 3.
Exsicc. Leight. nos. 98, pro parte (as Endocarpon litliinum),
140 (as V. rupestris), 229 ; Mudd n. 279 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. without
a number (as Y. mortarii).
Somewhat variable in the development of the thallus which is
usually rather thick and deeply cracked, though it may become almost
evanescent ; it varies in colour from light greyish-green to a dirty-
brownish colour (subsp. suhfuscella). There is considerable similarity
between it and V. papillosa, but the thallus of the latter species is
thinner, and perithecia and spores smaller.
I have not seen Arnold’s specimen of Y. mortarii; the one
recorded from Quy Churchyard, Cambridgeshire, is a growth form of
V. viridula.
Hah. On mortar, old walls, rooks, &o.—Distr. Common in the
Channel Islands and throughout England, rarer in Scotland and
Ireland.—B. M. Alderney; St. Minver and Withiel, Cornwall;
Plymouth and Torquay, Devonshire ; Bembridge and Shanklin, I. of
AVight; Midhurst Bridge and Petworth, Sussex; Hythe, Kent;
Reigate, Surrey ; Hempstead, Gloucestershire ; Bevere and near
Pershore, Worcestershire; AValthamstow, Essex; Whitecliff Eocks,
near Ludlow, Shropshire; Shelton, Beds ; Ulting, Essex ; Much Wen-
lock,^ Shropshire ; Gracedieu and Breedon-on-the-Hill, Leicestershire ?
(sterile thallus on an old leather sole) ; Quy, Cambridge ; Bilsdale,
near Guisboro’ and Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Castle Eden Dean,
Durham ; near Cork ; Derryquin, Kerry ; Tully, Kylemore and Dawros
Eiver, Connemara, Galway.
18. V. ochrostoma Mudd Man. p. 290 (1861).—Thallus
thickish,_ crustaceous, warted and wrinkled, cracked-areolate,
varying in colour from dusky-cream or grey to olive, brownish-
black or umber. Perithecia immersed, then partly emergent,
black (brownish a t an early stage) ; peritheciai wall thin, entire ;
spores oblong or elliptical, 0,018-22 mm. long, 0,010 mm. thick.
—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. I l l ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 424 ; ed. 3,
p. 454. Sagedia ochrostoma Borr. ex Leight. Angioc. Lich. n. 23,
t. 7, f i g . 4 (1851). S i ' I >
Very similar in the appearance of the thallus to some states of the
preceding, of which it is perhaps only a form. The perithecia are
brownish when young.
Hah. On mortar of walls.—B. M. Near Henfield, Sussex (the only
locality).
19. V. macrostoma DC. Fl. Franc, ii. p. 313 (1805).—Thallus
tawny-brownish, cartilaginous, rather thick, cracked-areolate, the
areolæ subsquamulose or raised into irregular warts. Perithecia
black, ra th e r large, immersed in the areolæ, with more or less
prominent ostioles; peritheciai wall black, thick above, spreading
a t the base with a thinner layer underneath ; spores ellipsoid,
ra th e r large, 0,025-35 mm. long, 0,012-15 or -2 0 mm. thick.
—Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 48, t. 21, fig. 4 & Lich. Fl. p. 423 ; ed.
3, p. 454 (spore measurements too small). Y. nigreseens var.
macrostoma Nyl. in Maine et Loire Mem. Soc. Acad. iv. p. 24
(1858) ; Mudd Man. p. 289 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 110.
Exsicc. Mudd n. 278 ; Larb. Lich. Cæsar. n. 97.
Distinguished from allied species by the subsquamulose brown
thallus.
Hab. On walls and mortar.—DfsZr. Not common in the Channel
Islands, S.W. and N. England, rare in Scotland and Ireland.—
B. M. Alderney; St. Aubin’s and St. Brelade’s, Jersey; near
Penzance, Cornwall ; Ealmer, Climping and Danny, Sussex ; Stratton
near Cirencester and Cowcombe AVood, Gloucestershire ; near Shrewsbury,
Shropshire; Worcester; near Guisboro’, Cleveland, Yorkshire ;
Middleton, Cork.
Form aphanostoma Shackleton & Hebden in Naturalist
1892, p. 17. Differs from the species in the smaller ostioles and
in the somewhat larger spores, 0,026-36 mm. long, 0,016-20 mm.
thick. Specimen not seen.
Hah. On mortar, wall-tops and sandstone (Cullingworth and
Malsis, Crossbills, Yorkshire).
20. V. thrombioid.es Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 452 (18/9).
Thallus brownish-red, cartilaginous, shining, becoming cracked-
areolate, effuse. Perithecia large, black, immersed, the apex
projecting, depressed ; peritheciai wall thick and black, dimidiate
with a th in black layer beneath the base ; spores broadly oblong
or oblong-ellipsoid, ra th e r large, 0,024-30 mm. long, (),014-16
mm. thick or rather larger.—Lithoicea thromhioides Baglietto ex
.Massal. Symm. Lioh. p .'89 (1855). Specimen not seen.
Leighton records a specimen collected by AV. Joshua in Cowcombe
AVood, Gloucestershire, but the one in the British Museum th at bears
th a t label is identical with V. macrostoma.
Hab. On walls.—Disir. AV. England (Cowcombe AVood,
Gloucestershire), fide Leighton.
21. V. aquilella Nyl. in Plora lix. p. 237 (1876).—Thallus
reddish-brown, minutely areolate or areolate-granulate, thm.
Perithecia almost superficial ; peritheciai wall black, dimidiate ;
spores ellipsoid, simple, 0,018-22 mm. long, 0,007-9 mm. thick.—
Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xiv. p. 362 (1876) & in Grevillea v.
p. 29 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 451.
The specimens of this and the following species in the British
Museum were collected at the same time and place as the type