Hab. On the trunks of trees, and on old pa lin g s—Di«Zr. Common
throughout the British Isles.—A. M. Ullacombe, near Bovey Tracey,
Devon ; near Lyndhurst, H a n ts ; Shiere, Surrey; Langford, Stansted,
Mount Fitchet Park, Sussex; Bellleigh, near Maldon, Ulting and
Hadleigh Wood, Essex ; near Malvern, Worcestershire ; Gopsal Park,
Leicestershire; Limekiln Wood, Wrekin, Caer Caradoc and Llany-
mynech, Shropshire ; Ha rt Hill and Matlock, D erbyshire; Cymbychan,
Dolgelly and Barmouth, Merioneth ; Trefriw, Carnarvonshire ; Easby,
Yorkshire; trees on Roman wall, Northumberland; Falls of Bruar,
Blair Athole and Glen Cgle, P e rth sh ire ; Barcaldine, Lome and
Appin, Argyll; Banchory, Aberdeenshire ; Rostellan, Cork; Connemara,
Galway.
Form tabescens Stizenb. in St. Gall. Ber. Nat. Ges. 1882,
p. 432.—Thallus effuse, very thin, subleprose or subrimulose,
greyish- or yellowish-green; hypotliallus indistinct. Apothecia
adnate or a t times subinnate, convex, immarginate, difform,
livid-brown.—L. parasema var. Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3, p. 269
(1879). Biatora tabescens Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. p. 203
(1855).
Exsicc. Leight. n. 329.
Differs in the less developed thallus, the absence of a hypotballus
and in the colour of the more or less difform apothecia.
Hah. Cn smooth trunks of beech trees in wooded upland tracts.—
Distr. Seen from only a very few localities in S. and N. England.—
A. M. Lyndhurst, New Forest, Hants ; near Frampton, Dorsetshire ;
Airyholme Wood, Cleveland, Yorkshire.
Yar. flavens Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 217 (1861).—Similar to the
type hu t the thallus yellow, the apothecia internally whitish, and
the hypothecium almost colourless.— Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 77 ;
Leight. Lich. FI. p. 270; ed. 3, p. 269.
Hab. Cn the trunks of trees, rarely on soil.—-Distr. Rare in the
southern counties of England and in B. and N. Scotland, not recorded
from the Channel Islands or from Ireland.—A. M. Ilsham Valley,
Torquay, Devon; New Forest, H a n ts ; Windsor Great Park, B erks;
Portlethen, Forfarshire; Glen Girnae, Braemar, Aberdeenshire;
Appleoross House, Ross.
Var. elaeochroma Ach. Meth. p. 36 (1803) pro p a r t e ; Nyl.
Lich. Scand. p. 217.—Thallus determinate or subefluse, thin,
yellowish, yellowish-grey or olivaceous. Apothecia black, livid-
black, or partly dark-reddish or dark-bluish-green, within
greyish-white; hypothecium pale or yellowish-brown.—Mudd
Man. p. 200 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 77 ; Leight. Lich. FI. p. 270;
ed. 3, p. 269. L. elmochroma, Tayl. in Mackay, FI. Hib. ii.
p. 119 (1836). L. enteroleuca Ach. Lich. IJniv. p. 177 (1810).
L . parasema var. enteroleuca Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 217 (1861) pro
parte corticolo ; Mudd Man. p. 201 ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 77.
Lichen parasemus Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1450 (1805). Lichenoides
sum, &c., Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 126 (1740) pro parte.
Exsicc. Cromb. n. 181; Leight. nos. 126, 137, 3 2 8 ; Mudd nos.
169, 170; Baxt. Stirp. Crypt. Ox. n. 19; Bohl. n. 45; Johns, n. 345.
Distinguished from the type by the differently coloured thallus
and apothecia which at first sight would almost seem to render it
specifically distinct. The apothecia are usually smaller and more
numerous than in the type. When the thallus is limited and
intersected by the hypotballus in frequent black serpentine lines, it
is var. limitata Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 175 (1810) pro pa rte ; Cromb.
Lioh. Brit. p. 77.
Hab. On trees.—Distr. Common throughout the British Isles.—
A. M. Sa rk ; Tregawn and Withiel, Cornwall; Newton Bushell,
Ilsham, Torquay; Ullacombe, near Bovey Tracey, Devon; New
Forest, H a n ts ; St. Leonard’s Forest, and Fairlight, near Hastings,
Sussex; Shiere, Surrey; Lydd, K e n t; Bpping Forest, E ssex; Oxford;
Twycross, Leicestershire; near Bath, Somerset; near Shrewsbury and
Oswestry, Shropshire; Malvern, Worcestershire; Barmouth and
Dolgelly, Merioneth; Hailey wood, Cirencester, Gloucestershire;
Abergavenny, Monmouthshire; near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire;
Baldoran Woods, Forfarshire ; Glen Lochay, Killin, Perthshire (var.
limitata) ; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; near Inverary, Argyll ;
Applecross, Ross.
81. L. latypea Ach. Meth. Suppl. p. 10 (1803).—Thallus
effuse, thickish, unequal, granular-areolate, whitish or greyish-
white (K + yellow, CaCl + orange-red) ; hypothallns usually
obsolete. Apothecia small or sometimes ra th e r large, black,
plane with a thin margin becoming convex and immarginate ;
hypothecium thick, brownish or dark-brown; paraphyses sub-
coherent, dark-bluish-green or almost black a t the tip s ; spores
ellipsoid, 0,010-15 mm. long, 0,005-8 mm. thick.—L. parasema
var. latypea Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 217 (1861); Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 7 7 ; Leight. Lich. FI. p. 269 ; ed. 3, p. 270. L. coniops Mudd
Man. p. 201 (1861), (non Wahl). L. continuior Nyl. in Flora Ix.
p. 463 (excl. var.) (1877) ; Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3, p. 277.
Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 103.
Differs from L. parasema in habitat, in the thicker granular thallus
which is either conglomerate or broken up and scattered, and in the
somewhat darker hypothecium. The apothecia are plane and scattered
or sometimes subconfluent with the margin evanescent. I have
not seen specimens of A. continuior ; Nylander says it differs only in
the rather flat rimose-areolate thallus and the more rapid reaction
with hypochlorite of lime.
Hab. On granitic and schistose rocks in maritime and upland
districts.—Distr. Somewhat general throughout Great Britain.—A. M
Islands of Alderney and Sark ; Vale Castle, Guernsey: Mount Orgueii
Castle, Je rsey ; Bolt Head, and near Plymouth, Devon ; Gerrans, and
near Pynzanoe, Cornwall; Bellleigh, near Maldon and Ulting, Essex;
near Norton, and near Malvern, Worcestershire; Langbaurghrigg, and
near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Aberdovey, Merioneth; Barcaldine,
Argyll; Nigg and Portlethen, Kincardineshire; Ben Lawers, Perthshire;
Sybil Head, Kerry; Dawros Cliffs, near Kylemore, and near
Letterfrack, Connemara, Galway; Lambay Island, Dublin ; Borris,
Carlow. ’