(1803); Carroll in Jonrn. Bot. iii. p. 292 (1865) ? Leight. Jrich.
Fl. ed. 3, p. 485.
Differs from the preceding in the form and development of the
thallus. A specimen in the British Museum from Dawros Kiver,
collected by Larbalestier and recorded by him under this species, is
Verrucaria viridula.
Hdb. On rooks in or near rivers.—Bistr. Rare in W. Ireland,
Dawros Eiver, Connemara, Galway.
Spores brown, 4-8 in the ascus.
4. St. rupifraga Arn. in Verb. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. xxx.
p. 149 (1880).—Thallus dark-bluish-grey or whitish, or smoky-
brown, tartareous-farinose, efluse, thin, sometimes evanescent
Perithecia small, globose, immersed in the rock or emergent,
leaving pits, somewhat plane above, the ostiole a minute pore ;
peritheciai wall entire ; paraphyses disappearing ; spores 4-8 in
the ascus, ovoid-oblong, becoming dark-reddish-brown, muriform,
0,036-55 mm. long, 0,012-20 mm. th ick ; hymenial gelatine
wine-red with iodine.—Sagedia calcarea Deakin in Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 39, t. 4, fig. 12 (1854)? Polyblastia
rupifraga Massal. Symm. Lich. p. 100 (1855). Verrucaria umbrina
var. calcarea Nyl. in Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. sér. 3, i. p. 426
(1856) ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 109. V. rupifraga Nyl. ex Cromb.
Lich. Brit. p. 109 (1870) ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 456 ; ed. 3, p. 488.
V. terebrata Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 456 ; ed. 3, p. 488. Spliserom-
pdiale terebrata Mudd Man. p. 281 (1861).
Sometimes the perithecia are so immersed as to be visible merely
as minute black points in the stone. The spores are divided into
small cells without any definite transverse septa.
Hab. On calcareous rocks.—Distr. Rare in AV. England, N. Scotland
and AV. Ireland.—B. M. Sapperton, Gloucestershire ; Craig Guie,
Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Kylemore, Connemara, Galway.
P Y R E N U L A C EÆ .
Thallus crustaceous, superficial or developed within tlie substratum,
not corticated. Algal cells Trentepohlia. Perithecia
simple, globose or semi-globose, more or less immersed, opening
by a pore a t the apex (ostiole). Spermogones small, globose or
ovoid, with simple or sparingly branched sterigmata and spermatia
produced apically.
Distinguished by the yellowish filamentous gonidia {Trentepohlia),
and also by the almost constantly persistent paraphyses. There are
eight genera represented in the British Islands ;—
Perithecia scattered.
Paraphyses branched, entangled or wanting.
Asci cylindrical, spores uniseriate.
Spores 1-septate .................................. 112. Acrocordia.
Asci clavate or ovate, spores more or less
massed.
Spores colourless.
Spores elongate - fusiform, 1-5-
septate ............................................... 118. A rth o p y re n ia .
Spores elongate - acicular, multiseptate
............................................... 114. L e p to rh a p h is .
Spores brown.
Spores 1-5-septate .............................. 115. M ic ro th e lia .
Paraphyses unbranched, distinct.
Spores colourless 1-5-septate.
8 in the ascus ................................... 116. P o rin a .
Many in the ascus................................. 117. T helopsis.
Spores brown.
Spores 1-5-septate with short cells 118. P y re n u la .
Perithecia often united.
Spores brown, muriform..................... 119. A n th ra co th e -
eium.
112. ACROCORDIA Massal. Gen. Lich. p. 17 (1854). (PI. 47.)
Thallus crustaceous. Perithecia simple, globose or semiglobose
and somewhat conical, black, semi-immersed ; paraphyses
persistent, slender, branched and entangled; asci cylindrical-
oblong, 8-spored ; spores uniseriate in the ascus, ellipsoid, 1-septate,
colourless. Spermogones small, globose, with rod-like spermatia.
Distinguished by the elongate narrow asci with the spores in a
straight or oblique row.
1. A. gemmata Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. p. 356 (1855).—
Thallus white or greyish-white, thin, nearly smooth or somewhat
pulverulent, continuous or sometimes cracked, efi’use or limited
by a dark hypotballus. Perithecia black, large, prominent, hemispherical,
immersed a t the spreading base, usually with a papillate
ostiole; peritheciai wall dimidiate with an inner thin brown
entire la y e r; paraphyses long, slender; spores broadly oblong,
1-septate, colourless, 0,015-29 mm. long, 0,007-0,013 mm. thick.
— Lichen gemmaius Ach. Lich. Suec. Prodr. p. 17 (1798). Verrucaria
gemmata Ach. Meth. p. 120, t. 3, fig. 1 (1803); Borr. in
Fngl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2617, fig. 2 ; Hook, in Sm. Engl. Fl. v.
p. 150; Tayl. in Mackay El. Hib. ii. p. 89 ; Leight. Angioc.
Lich. p. 43, t. 18, figs. 4 & 5 & Lich. Fl. p. 430; ed. 3, p. 462 ;
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 118. Lejophlea gemmata S. P. Gray Nat.
Arr. i. p. 496 (1821). Thelidium gemmatum Mudd Alan. p. 297
(1861).
Exsicc. Carroll Lich. Hib. n. 33 ; Larb. Lich. PIb. n. 196 ;
Mudd n. 285; Leight. n. 136.
Hab.—On trunks of trees.—Distr. Common throughout the
Channel Islands, England, AVales, and S. and S.AAA Ireland; rare in
Scotland.—B. M. Trinity, Jersey; Lanhydrock Park, Cornwall;
Torquay, Devon; near Brighton, Erringham, AAriston and AVoodman-
co te ,. Sussex; near Lyndhurst, New Forest, H an ts; Batheaston,
Somerset; near Cirencester, Gloucestershire; Thorndon Hall, AA’al