Subsp. cupreiformis Nyl. ex Hue in Rev. Bot. v. p. 92
(1888).—Thallus thin, subgranulate-concrescent, whitish. _ Apothecia
reddish-brown or blackish ; paraphyses septate, distinct at
the apices ; epithecium reddish ; spores 0,010-18 mm. long,
0,0045-55 mm. thick.—Cromb. in Grevillea xxii. p. 10. L.
cuprea y&v. cupreiformis Nyl. in Not. Sallsk. Faun. & FI. Fenn. n.
ser. V. p. 144 (1866) ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 68 ; Leight. Lich. FI.
p 273 • ed. 3, p. 273. L. vernalis var. /? cupreiformis Nyl. in
Not. Sallsk. Faun. & FI. Fenn. iii. p. 90 (1857). L. cupreiformis
Nyl. in Flora 11. 347 (1868).
Differs chiefly in the character of the paraphyses and in the colour
of the apothecia.
Hah. On the ground in crevices of schistose rocks.—B. M. Above
Looh-na-Gat, Ben Lawers, Perthshire (the only locality).
43. L. ochrococca Nyl. in Oefvers. Vet. Ak. Forh. 1860,
p. 297 & Lich. Scand. p. 206.—Thallus eflfuse, thin, granulose,
yellow-ochraceous ; the granules small, firm, contiguous or subdispersed
(K —, C aC l-). Apothecia small, sessile, plane, a t
length convex, reddish or rusty-brown, whitish within, the
margin obtuse or indistinct, paler ; hypothecium pale ; paraphyses
concrete ; spores oblong-fusiform, 0,007-10 mm. long, 0,003-
4 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine bluish then, especially the asci,
wine-red with iodine.—Mudd Man. p. 194; Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 69 ; Leight. Lich. FI. p. 261 ; ed. 3, p. 257.
Well distinguished from all allied species by the colours of the
thallus and of the apothecia. It occurs elsewhere only in Norway.
The thallus is occasionally evanesoent,when the apothecia appear on
dcalbate parts of the substratum. Our British specimens are well
fertile.
Hab. On the trunks of pine trees in upland tracts of mountainous
regions.—Distr. Very local and scarce in the W. Highlands of Scotland.
B. M. Inverouran, Argyll ; Glen Falloch, Ben Lawers, and Black
Wood of Eannoch, Perthshire.
44. L. symmictella Nyl. in Flora li. p. 163 (1868).—
Thallus obsolete, developed within the bark (hypophloeodal).
Apothecia very small, adnate-sessile, convex, immarginate, at
first waxy-yellow, then livid, somewhat shining; paraphyses
colourless ; epithecium granulose, yellowish ; hypothecium colourless
; spores oblong or oblong-ellipsoid, 0,004-6 mm. long, 0,0015-
25 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine bluish with iodine.—Cromb. in
Grevillea xxii. p. 10. Agyrium caesium Fr. Syst. Mycol. ii. p. 231
(1823) (non Acharius Syn. p. 171).
Resembles an eorustaceous state of Lecanora symmiota Ach., but
from the character of the paraphyses belongs to this section of Lecidea.
Though no distinct thallus is visible, yet, as observed by Th. Fries
(Lich. Scand. p. 433), gonidial glomeruli are always present among
the fibres of the substratum, especially in the neighbourhood of the
apothecia. In the single British specimen the apothecia are somewhat
scattered.
Hab. On a decorticated fir tree in a mountainous region.—B. M.
Glen Derry, Braemar, Aberdeenshire (the only locality).
45. L. sanguineoatra Ach. Meth. p. 50 (1803) pro p a rte ;
Nyl. Lich. Par. Exs. n. 52 (1855).—Thallus effuse, thin, granulose
or subcontinuous, greyish or greenish-grey (K —, CaCl — ), a t
times subobsolete. Apothecia moderate, a t first plane and
thinly margined, soon becoming convex and immarginate, sanguineous
black or brownish-black, within brownish-black (the
hymenium paler) ; paraphyses deep yellow or brownish towards
the apices ; hypothecium thick, brown or dark-red ; spores ellipsoid
or oblong, 0,010-19 mm. long, 0,005-8 mm. th ic k ; hymenial
gelatine bluish then wine-red or violet with iodine.—Mudd Man.
p. 198; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 67 ; Leight. Lich. FI. p. 268 ; ed. 3,
p. 267 pro parte. Lichen sanguineoater Wulfen in Jacq. Coll. iii.
p. 117 (1789)?
A marked feature is, as stated by Th. Fries (Lioh. Scand. p. 436),
the presence of bluish or violet-coloured granules among the paraphyses.
The apothecia are often crowded and a t times suboonfluent.
Hab. Incrusting mosses on rooks and boulders, rarely on dead
wood, in mountainous regions.—Distr. Only here and there in N.
England (Cleveland, Yorkshire), N. Wales, and on the Grampians,
Scotland; and in S. Ireland.—B. M. Nannau, Dolgelly, Merioneth;
Achosragan Hill, Appin, Argyll; Glen Falloch and Ben Lawers,
Perthshire ; Oanloohan, llorfarshire ; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire;
Glen Nevis, Invernessshire; Bantry, Cork.
Subsp. atrofusca Nyl. ex Wainio in Medd. Soc. Faun, à FI.
Fenn. iii. p. 110 (1878).—Thallus as in the type. Apothecia
small, plane, margined ; the margin a t times slightly flexuose, at
length somewhat convex and subimmarginate, brownish-black or
black ; hypothecium brownish or brownish-black ; spores oblong,
0,010-14 mm. long, 0,005-6 mm. thick.—Cromb. in Grevillea
xxii. p. 10. L. atrofusca Mudd Man. p. 198 (1861) ; Leight.
Lich. FI. ed. 3, p. 259. Biatora atrofusca Flot. in Hepp Exs.
n. 268 (1857). Lecidea fusca Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 68 (1870)
(non Schær.) ; Leight. Lich. FI. p. 268 ; ed. 3, p. 267.
Exsicc. Dicks. Hort. Sicc. n. 99 (as Lichen muscorum Linn,
fib).
Differs in the planer smaller and darker apothecia, as also in the
rather smaller spores. When growing at high elevations the thallus
is darker, almost blackish, and but sparingly fertile. The spores are
occasionally spuriously 1-septate.
Hah. On mossy rooks and mossy trunks of old trees in hilly and
mountainous regions.—Distr. Local and scarce in Central England,
N. Wales, the Highlands of Scotland, and W. Ireland.—B. M. Matlock,
Derbyshire ; Dolgelly, Merioneth ; Barcaldine, Argyll ; S. of Looh
Tay and Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ;
near Kylemore, Connemara, Galway.