185. L. expansa Nyl. ex Mudd Man. p. 208 (1861).—Thallus
effuse, thin, furfuraceous, continuous or rimulose, black or sordid-
greyish (K —, CaCl — ). Apothecia minute, sessile, plane, margined,
black, the margin thin, smooth; hypothecium dark-brown;
paraphyses concrete, blackish-brown a t the apices ; spores ellipsoid,
minute, 0,007-10 mm. long, 0,0035-40 mm. thick ; hymenial
gelatine bluish with iodine.—L. dispansa Nyl. in Flora xlix.
p. 87 (1866) ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 84 ; Leight. Lich. FI. p. 256 ;
ed. 3, p. 248.
Exsicc. Leight. n. 186 ; Mudd n. 176 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 222.
The thallus when black and little developed forms ink-like stains
on the substratum. The apothecia, though very numerous, are
scattered and solitary. The very minute spermogones are frequent,
with cylindrical or subellipsoid spermatia, 0 ,0 0 3 -4 mm. long,
0,0015 mm. thick.
Hah. On rooks and flint stones in maritime and upland situations.
—Bistr. Only here and there in England and Wales, Ireland and the
Channel Islands; not seen from Scotland.—B. M. Eozel, Jersey;
Lydd Beach, Kent; Thetford, Norfolk; Bewdley, Worcestershire;
Stiperstones, Shropshire ; near Battersby and Eoseberry, Cleveland,
Yorkshire ; Teesdale, Durham ; Gleneorbot, Connemara, Galway.
Subsp. demarginata Nyl. in Flora Ixi. p. 245 (1878).—
Thallus very thin, subleprose, whitish or greyish. Apothecia
convex, the margin indistinct, otherwise as in the species.—
Cromb. in Grevillea vii. p. 97 ; Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3, p. 248.
In the single specimen seen, which is well fertile, the thallus is
partly subochraoeous.
Hab. On schistose rocks in a maritime district.—B. M. Salrock
Eoad, near Kylemore, Connemara, Galway (the only locality).
186. L. antiloga Stirton in Scott. Nat. iv. p. 164 (1877).—
Thallus nearly evanescent. Apothecia black, minute, adnate,
plane, margin somewhat shining ; hypothecium colourless, darker
upwards ; paraphyses very indistinct, the epithecium blackish or
greenish-black ; spores spherical, minute, 0,004-55 mm. broad ;
hymenial gelatine blue then dark violet.—Leight. Lich. PI. ed. 3,
p. 309. Specimen not seen.
Hab. On decorticated wood. Collected by Dr. Stirton at Aviemore,
Elgin.
187. L. enclitica Nyl. in Flora xlix. p. 369 (1866) &-in Not.
Sallsk. Faun. & FI. Fenn. n. ser. v. p. 148 (1866).—Thallus scarcely
visible, evanescent or obsolete, Apothecia minute, convex,
immarginate, black, dark within ; hypothecium brown ; paraphyses
concrete ; epithecium vaguely blackish ; spores oblong,
0,008-14 mm. long, 0,003-4 mm. th ick ; hymenial gelatine bluish
then sordid-wine-coloured with iodine.—Cromb. in Grevillea i.
p. 172; Leight. Lich. FL p. 301 ; ed. 3, p. 311.
Eesembles externally Biatorina globulosa, for an athalline state of
which it might readily be taken, but is well distinguished by the colour
of the apothecia internally and of the hypotheoium, and also by the
simple somewhat thicker spores. In one of the two British specimens
there are faint traces of a greyish-white thallus. The apothecia
are distantly scattered over the substratum, so th at the plant
is apt to be overlooked.
Hab. On old fir palings in a subalpine district.—Bistr. Found
only very sparingly among the central Grampians, Scotland.—B. M.
Pass of Killiecrankie and Glen Fender, Blair Athole, Perthshire.
188. L. nigroclavata Nyl. in Bot. Not. p. 160 (1853).—
Thallus effuse, very thin, greyish-brown or evanescent (K —,
CaCl — ). Apothecia small, superficial, a t first plane and thinly
margined, a t length convex and immarginate, blackish-brown ;
hypothecium brownish or colourless ; paraphyses thick, clavate
or almost globose and dark-brown a t the apices ; spores oblong-
cylindrical, 0,008-10 mm. long, 0,002-4 mm. thick ; hymenial
gelatine bluish with iodine.—L. lenticularis subsp. nigroclavata
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 91 ; var. nigroclavata Leight. Lich. FI.
p. 316; ed. 3, p. 336. L. haliola Nyl. in Flora lix. p. 308
(1876); Cromb. in Grevillea v. p. 27. L. spodoplaca Nyl. in
Flora Ix. p. 567 (1877); Cromb. in Grevillea vi. p. 115; Leight.
Lich. FI. ed. 3, p. 307.
Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 228.
Considered by Nylander to be closely allied to Biatorina lenticularis,
which it strongly resembles in the internal appearance of the
apothecium and especially in the nigro-clavate paraphyses. L. haliola
and L. spodoplaca are saxicolous forms ; the former has the thallus
tinged with peroxide of iron, and has been found associated with
Lecanora lacustris ; the latter is greyish though sometimes greenish
(f. viridicascens Nyl. I. a.). On wood the thallus is hypophloeodal,
the gonidia being situated beneath the surface of the substratum.
Hab. On the trunks of old trees or palings in S. England and S.
Ireland ; on moist maritime rooks in W. Ireland.-—B. M. Lignicolous :
Shanklin, I. of Wight; Lehenagh, near Cork, Limerick, Clare.
Saxicolous : Derryclare, Killery Bay and Kylemore Lake, Connemara,
Galway.
189. L. xanthococca Sommerf. Suppl. FI. Lapp. p. 154
(1826); Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 243.—Thallus effuse, thinnish,
granulose or verrucose, the granules often more or less scattered,
convex or somewhat depressed, straw-coloured or pale-yellow
(K + yellow-ochraceous, CaCl — ). Apothecia small, adnate or
appressed, plane, often scabrid, margined, black, concolorous
within, the margin thin, a t times flexuose ; paraphyses slender,
blackish a t the apices ; epithecium K + purplish ; hypothecium
black; spores ellipsoid, 0,008-0,010 mm. long, 0,004-5 mm.
thick ; hymenial gelatine, especially the asci, deep-blue with
iodine.
The thallus, as noted by Th. Fries (Lioh. Scand. p. 517), is at
first immersed and scattered, then erumpent, soft, with the verrucæ