CHIODECTONACEÆ.
Thallus crustaceous. Algal cells usually Trentepohlia. Apothecia
aggregate in specialized prominent stroma-like portions of
the thallus (verrucæ), deeply immersed, immarginate, small and
punctiform or elongate ; asci elongate-clavate ; spores elongate,
pluriseptate.
Characterized by the differentiation of the thallus and by the
arrangement and form of the apothecia. The order is well-represented
in tropical countries ; in Great Britain there are only a few species
which are contained in the following genera ;—
Apothecia immarginate.
Hypothecium colourless or thinly black.
Spores colourless ................................... 9 4 , Enterographa.
Spores brown ........................................... 95. Sclerophyton.
Hypothecium thick and black....................... 96. Ghiodecton.
Apothecia marginate...................................................... 97. G lyp h is.
94. ENTEROGRAPHA Fée Fss. Crypt, p. xxxii. (1824).
Stigmatidium Meyer Entw. Met. Portpfl. Flecht. p. 328 (1825).
Platygramma Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. xiii. p. 393
(1854) pro parte (non Meyer). (PI. 31.)
Thallus crustaceous, thickish, limited by a black hypotballus.
Algal cells Trentepohlia. Apothecia aggregate or contiguous in
lines or solitary, roundish or shortly elongate, immarginate,
deeply immersed in the verrucæ; hypothecium colourless or
thinly black ; paraphyses slender, branched ; asci clavate,
8-spored ; spores elongate-fusiform, colourless, pluriseptate. Spermogones
with cylindrical elongate or elliptical straight or bent
spermatia.
The deeply immersed fruotifioations are occasionally somewhat
peritheoial-like in form and structure, especially when the disc is
contracted to a small opening. The graphideine character is more
apparent in those species that have elongate apothecia.
1. E. crassa Fée op. cit. pp. xxxii. & xc. t. 1, f. 6 (1824)._
Thallus thick, greyish-white, olivaceous or brownish, smooth and
polished, becoming somewhat cracked, limited and often in tersected
by the blackish hypothallns, the verrucæ flat, wide-
spreading not prominent. Apothecia brownish-black, minute,
numerous, punctiform, solitary or aggregate in flexuose lines, or
in small groups, deeply immersed in the thallus, immarginate ;
hypothecium colourless; spores fusiform-elongate, 5-7-septate,
0,024-35 mm. long, 0,005 mm. thick ; spermogones with short
rod-like spermatia 0,004-5 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick.— Opegrapha
crassa DC. PI. Franc, ii. p. 312 (1805). Lichen ohscurus Sm.
Engl. Bot. t. 1752 (1807) pro parte (non Ach.). Stigmatidium
crassum Dub. Bot. Gall. ii. p. 643 (1830) ; Mudd Man. p. 245 ;
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 101; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 389; ed. 3,
p. 412. Porina aggregata Ach. Syn. p. 112 (1814) fide Fries.
Sagedia aggregata Fr. Lich. Fu r. p. 416 (1831); Leight. Angioc.
Lich. p. 24, t. 8, f. 1. Pertusaria crassa Hook, in Sm. Engl.
Fl. V . p. 160 (1833). Verrucaria obscura Tayl. in Mackay Fl.
Hib. ii. p . 96 (1836).
Exsicc. Leight. nos. 69, 96 (as Sagedia aggregata var. venosa);
Mudd n. 224 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. nos. 115, 276 & Lich. Cæsar. n. 45.
Hab. On trunks of somewhat old trees in wooded regions.—Distr.
Fairly common in the Channel Islands and throughout England,
more especially in the southern counties, and in S. and W. Ireland,
rare in S. and AV. Scotland.—B. M. Guernsey ; Ann Port, Jersey ;
Shanklin and near Eyde, I. of AVight ; AVhitesand Bay and
AVithiel, ' Cornwall ; Plymouth, and near Totnes, Devon ; New
Forest and Lymington, Hants; St. Leonard’s Forest, Clayton, AVool-
sonbury, Arundel, and Fairlight, Hastings, Sussex ; Coldharbour,
Surrey ; AVrotham, Kent ; Epping Forest, Gosfield Hall, Hockley
AVoods, and Eayleigh, Essex; Cirencester, Gloucestershire; Great
Glenham, Suffolk ; near Norton and near Malvern, AVorcestershire ;
near Shrewsbury, Shropshire ; Gloddaeth, near Conway and Llanbedrog,
Carnarvonshire ; Gopsall and Twycross, Leicestershire ; near
Nottingham; AVesterdale, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Barcaldine, Argyll;
Castle Bernard Park, Bandon, Castlemary, and near Queenstown,
Cork ; Killarney, Kerry ; Glenstale, Tipperary ; Dromoland, Clare ;
Glen Inagh and Derryclare, Connemara, Galway.
Porm saxícola Cromb. in Herb.—Differs in the somewhat
thicker and more distinctly areolate thallus, the hypotballus is
also less marked.
Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 115 & Lich. Cæsar. n. 46.
Hab. On rocks.—Distr. Eather rare in the Channel Islands,
S. England andAV. Ireland.—B. M. Port Gorey, Sark; Noirmont and
La Coupe, Jersey; AVhitesand Bay, Cornwall; near Plymouth,
Devon ; Derryclare, Connemara.
2. E. Hutchinsiæ Koerb. Parerg. Lich. p. 259 (1861).—
Thallus crustaceous, rather thin, dull-pale-yellow or brownish,
minutely cracked into areolæ, limited by the black hypotballus ;
the verrucæ small, scattered, flat. Apothecia variable in form,
minute, oblong and sometimes round, straight or curved, sometimes
branched, plane, immarginate but with a lateral wall
which traverses the base as a th in black line ; spores fusiform
elongate, 5-7- or pluri-septate, 0,025-30 mm. long, 0,004 mm.
thick.—Platygramma Hutchinsise Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist,
ser. 2, xiii. p. 393, t. 7, f. 28 (1854). Stigmatidium Hutchinsise
Nyl. in Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherb. v. p. 132 (1857); Mudd
Man. p. 243 ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 101 ; Leight. Lich. Fl.
p. 390 ; ed. 3, p. 413.
Exsicc. Leight. n. 130; Mudd nos. 225, 226 (corticolous);
Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 116.
Distinguished by the thinner more continuous thallus and by the
scattered minute fertile verrucæ.
S 2