Intimately related to the preceding, for states of which it might
readily be taken ; it differs, however, chiefly in the more constantly
and densely pruinose thallus, the more persistently margined apothecia,
and the paler hypothecium. The apothecia, not numerous in our
specimens, become in age angulose with the margin flexuose.
Hah. Incrusting mosses on calcareous rocks and on soil in their
crevices in hilly and mountainous tracts.—Distr. Only a very few
localities in England and Wales and on the S. Grampians, Scotland.
—B. M. Torquay, Devon ; Cleeve Hill, Yatton, Somersetshire ; Ingleborough,
Yorkshire; Great Orme’s Head, Carnarvonshire; Isle of Man ;
summit of Craig Calliach, Head of Loch-na-Gat, and near the summit
of Ben Lawers, Perthshire.
3. B. tumidula A. L. Sm.—Thallus subdeterminate, thickish,
verrucose- or areolate-squamulose, the areolæ sublobate-plicate,
turgid, wrinkled or cracked on the surface, white or glaucous-
white (K —, CaCl — ). Apothecia moderate, sessile on the margins
of the areolæ, a t first plane and thinly margined, then
convex and immarginate, often confluent, black, naked, black
within ; hypothecium thick, reddish-black ; spores oblong, indistinctly
1-septate 0,012 mm. long, 0,006 mm. thick ; hymenial
gelatine bluish with iodine.—Lichen tumidulus Sm. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. i. p. 82, t. 4, f. 3 (1791). L. mamillaris Gouan Herb.
Montp. p. 88 (1796). Lecidea mamillaris Duf. in F r. Lich. Eur.
p. 285 (1831) ; Carroll in Journ. Bot. iii. p. 290 (1865) ; Cromb.
Lich. Brit. p. 77 ; Leight. Lich. FI. p. 254 ; ed. 3, p. 245.
Thalloidima mamillare Massal. Bic. Lich. p. 96, fig. 198 (1852) ;
Mudd Man. p. 170.
Well characterized by the superficially wrinkled or subgyrose
thallus. The squamules, usually crowded, are at times somewhat
scattered ; the spores are obscurely bilooular.
Hah. On the soil in crevices of sandy and calcareous rocks in
maritime and upland districts.—Distr. Very local and scarce in S.W.
and (Jide Leighton) in central England (Dovedale, Derbyshire).—
B. M. Babbicombe and Torquay, Devon; Cleeve Hill, Yatton,
Somerset.
4. B. cumulata Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. p. 187 (I860).—Thallus
effuse, thickish, unequal, warted or squamulose, the squamules
small, crenate-lobed or radiating a t the circumference, greyish
(K+yellow, CaCl — ) ; hypotballus black. Apothecia minute,
plane, crowded, black or reddish-black, with a thin paler margin,
a t length evanescent; hypothecium pale-brownish, narrow, reddish
coloured in a thick section ; paraphyses coherent, rather
thickened and brown towards the apices ; spores oblong or
fusiform, usually 1-septate, sometimes simple or faintly 2-3-septate,
0,013-18 mm. long, 0,004-6 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine bluish
then sordid-wine-red with iodine.—Lecidea cumulata Sommerf.
Suppl. PI. Lapp. p. 157 (1826). L. conglomerata Cromb. in
Grevillea xxii. p. 59 (non Ach.).
One of the rarest British lichens. The squamules, either contiguous
or scattered, are a t times so minute and crowded in the centre
that the thallus appears as if warted and cracked. The apothecia,
densely conglomerate, very rarely solitary, are usually situated between
the squamules. The single British specimen gathered is but
sparingly fertile and spores are undeveloped.
Hab. On the ground in an alpine situation.—B. M. Near thé
summit of Ben Avon, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
5. B. lu te a Arnold in Flora xiii. p. 152 (1859).—Thallus effuse,
very thin, leprose, greyish-white (K —, CaCl — ), a t times almost
evanescent. Apothecia moderate in size, sessile, a t first concave
then plane or slightly convex, deep-yellow or yellowish-orange,
the margin entire, thin, often flexuose, p a le r; paraphyses
coherent; spores oblong or fusiform-oblong, 0,009-13 mm. long,
0.004—5 mm. th ic k ; hymenial gelatine pale-bluish then violet
with iodine.—Mudd Man. p. 177. Lichen luteus Dicks. Crypt,
fasc. i. p. 11, t. 2, f. 6 (1785); With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 2 5 ;
Engl. Bot. t. 1263 ; Leight. Angioc. Lich. t. 14, f. 3. Lecidea
melizea Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 194 (1810) ; S. F. Gray Nat. Arr.
1. p. 474. L. lutea Borr. ex Hook, in Sm. Engl. FI. v. p. 185
(1833); Tayl. in Mackay FI. Hib. ii. p. 129 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 63; Leight. Lich. FI. p. 317 ; ed. 3, p. 341.
The apothecia are occasionally large, with an inflexed more or less
lobulate margin (f. sublobulata Cromb. in Grevillea xxii. p. 8). The
spermogones are not unfrequent in our specimens; they are urceolate
and might readily be taken for young apothecia.
Hab. On the bark of trees and on mossy trunks in maritime and
upland districts.—Distr. Here and there in England, Wales, and
Ireland, rare in the S.W. Highlands of Scotland and in the Channel
Islands.—B. M. Eozel, J e rs e y ; Danny and Hurstpierpoint, Sussex ;
New Forest, H a n ts ; Holne Chase and Ullacombe near Bovey Tracey,
Devon ; Launceston, Tregawn, near Withiel and Penzance, Cornwall;
Barmouth, Merioneth; Llandyssil, Cardiganshire; Inverary and
Barcaldine, Argyll; near Belfast, Antrim ; Ardrum and Bnniskean,
Cork; Askew Wood, Dunkerron, Glengariff and Killarney, K erry;
Lough Inagh, Connemara, Galway.
6. B. d ilu ta Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. p. 185 (1860).—Thallus
effuse, very thin, leprose, greenish- or greyish-white (K —,
CaCl —), often evanescent. Apothecia superficial, minute,
concave, margined, pale-reddish-yellow or whitish-flesh-coloured,
the margin paler, smooth, th ick ish ; hypothecium colourless;
spores fusiform, 0,009-10 mm. long, 0,003-4 mm. thick ;
hymenial gelatine pale-bluish with iodine.—B. pineti Massal.
Ric. Lich. p. 135 (1852) ; Mudd Man. p. 176. Peziza diluta
Pers. Syn. p. 668 (1801). Lichen pineti Schrad. ex Ach. Meth.
p. 68 (1803). L . effusus Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1863, two lower
figures (1808) (non Ach.). Lecidea pineti Ach. Lich. Univ.
p. 195 (1810); Hook, in Sm. Engl. PI. v. p. 183; Cromb. Lich.
II. I