specimens and agree outwardly with the descriptions given, but the
spores, though at first simple, become finally 1- or more-septate.
Hab. Ou iiiioaoeous rooks.—B. M. Lough Feagh, Connemara (the
only locality).
22. V. fusco-cinerascens Nyl. in Flora lix. p. 310 (1876).—
Thallus greyish-brown, cracked-areolate, unequal, thin. Perithecia
black, semi-immersed ; peritheciai wall entirely black ;
spores oblong, 0,022-27 mm. long, 0,008-010 mm. thick.—Cromb.
in Grevillea v. p. 29 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 457.
Hab. On micaceous rocks.—B. M. Connemara, Galway (the only
locality ?).
Thallus crustaceous or cartilaginous, continuous or cracJced-areolate,
determinate.
23. V. nigreseens Pers. in Ust. Ann. Bot. xiv. p. 36 (1795).
—Thallus brown or nearly black, tartareous, cracked-areolate, or
uneven, thin or thickish, determinate, with a black hypotballus.
Perithecia of a medium size, immersed, then more or less projecting,
usually numerous ; peritheciai wall entire, thick above,
spreading a t the base, with a thinner layer below ; spores oblong,
0,015-24 mm. long, 0,005-9 mm. thick or occasionally larger ;
hymenial gelatine wine-red with iodine.—Hook, in Sm. Engl. El.
V. p. 155 ; Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 62, t. 27, fig. 1 & Lich. Fl.
p. 420 ; ed. 3, p. 450 ; Mudd Man. p. 289 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 110 pro parte. V. umbrina Ach. Meth. p. 122 (1803) (non
Schær.) ; Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 93. V. neglecta Deakin
in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 32, t. 1, fig. 1 (1854).
V. ovata Deak. tom. cit. p. 34, t. 2, fig. 4. Lichen umbrinus Ach.
Lich. Suec. Prod. p. 14 (1798) ; Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1499. Pijrenula
nigreseens Ach. Syn. p. 126 (1814) ; Hook. .Fl. Scot. ii. p. 46 ;
S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 494.
Exsicc. Mudd n. 277 ; Leight. n. 101 (as V. umbrina).
The thallus varies in colour from brownish-grey to dark-reddish-
brown or dull-brownish-black. The hypotballus forms a black line
at the edge, but occasionally, as on flints, it is rather spreading.
Hab. On rocks, stones, bricks, mortar, &o., especially in calcareous
districts.—Distr. Frequent in the Channel Islands, England and
Wales, somewhat rare in Scotland and Ireland.—B. M. St. Merryn,
Cornwall ; Shanklin, I. of AVight ; Torquay, Devon ; Lyme Eegis,
Dorset ; Goring, Brighton and Mailing Down, Sussex ; Eeigate and
Shiere, Surrey ; Little Baddon and Bpping Forest, Essex ; Dyke
Hill, Oxfordshire ; Knightsford Bridge and Malvern, AVorcestershire ;
near Chepstow, Monmouthshire ; Tenby, Pembrokeshire ; Llanymynech,
Shropshire; Pwlheli, Diganwy, near Conway and Nevin,
Carnarvonshire ; Carlton Bank and Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ;
Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; Eingaskiddy and near Cork ; Ballinakill,
Galway.
24. V. mauroides Schær. Spicil. Lich. Helv. p. 335 (1836).—
Thallus thin, dark umber-brown, subdeterminate, continuous or
faintly cracked-areolate. Perithecia small, numerous, immersed
in the thallus, scarcely emergent, hemispherical, black ; peritheciai
wall continuous under the base in a thin black layer ; spores
oblong-ellipsoid, 0,016-22 mm. long, 0,008-010 mm. thick.—
Leit^ht. Lich. Fl. p. 420 ; ed. 3, p. 450. V. umbrina Leight.
AnMoc Lich. p. 52, t. 23, fig. 2 (1850) (non Ach.) ? V. Leiglitonu
yar^ umbrina Mudd Man._ p. 287 (1861)? V. margacea var.
mauroides Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 112 (1870).
Frequently regarded as a subspecies or variety of the preceding,
but distinguished by the thinner more effuse less areolate thallus, the
minute areolæ being more easily seen when moist.
Hab. On rooks and stones chiefly arenaceous or quartzose.—Disir.
Not common throughout England and AVales.—B. M. Levie and
AVanlip, Leicestershire ; Malvern, AVoroestershire ; Carlton Bank and
near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire.
25. V. cataleptoides Nyl. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. x. p. 268
(1863).—Thallus thickish, dark-brown or blackish, cracked-areolate,
determinate. Perithecia immersed in the thallus, becoming
emergent and prominent ; peritheciai wall black or brownish-
black ; spores ellipsoid, narrower a t the ends, 0,018-24 ram. long,
0 010-12 mm. thick.— V. margacea var. cataleptoides Nyl. in
Maine et Loire Mém. Soc. Acad. iv. p. 26 (1858).
Hab. On rocks, granitic or schistose.
Porm ferruginosa Lamy Catal. Lich. p. 160 (1880).—Thallus
bright ochraceous-red, cracked-areolate; spores 0,018 mm. long,
0 008 mm. thick.—Shackleton & Hebden in Naturalist, 1892,
p. 17. Specimen not seen.
The specimen from Yorkshire had spores 0,019-23 mm. long,
0,009-011 mm. thick.
Hab. On limestone crags (Malham, Yorkshire).
26 V. coerulea DC. Fl. Franc, ii. p. 318 (1805) ; Schær.
Enum. p. 216 (1850).—Thallus bluish-lead-eoloured, greyish or
o-reyish-brown, rather thick, determinate, faintly ci’acked-areolate.
Perithecia black, small, semi-immersed, scarcely prominent,
sli"-htlv depressed a t the ostiole ; peritheciai wall thick, entire ;
s p i e s ellipsoid or oblong, 0,014-19 mm. longj 0,004-7 mm.
thick ; hymenial gelatine wine-red with lodme.— F. plumbea Ach
Lich. Univ. p. 285 (1810); Hook, in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 153
(1833) • Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 91 ; Leight. Angioc.
Lich p’ 45, t. 19, fig. 5 & Lich. Fl. p. 421 ; ed. 3, p. 452 ; Deakin
in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 36, t. 3, fig. 8 (1854) ;
Mudd Man. p. 288 (incl. var. cineracea) ; Cromb. Lich. Bnt.
p 111 Lichen coeruleus Ramond ex. DC. I. c. L. plumbosus
fe i. Engl. Bot. t. 2540 (1813). Lithocia plumbea S. F. Gray
Nat. Arr. i. p. 497 (1821). _
Exsicc. Mudd n. 275 (as F. plumbea var. cineracea).