indistinct, irregular, slender, dark bluish-black a t the apices;
spores oblong, 0,007—10 mm. long, 0,0035—45 mm. thick ; hymenial
gelatine blue then brownish with iodine.—Leight. I. c.
Specimen not seen.
Hab. On rocks. Collected by Dr. Stirton in Island of Mull.
§ ii. B iatoea Fr. in Vet. Ak. Handl. 1882 p. 63 ; Nyl. in
Mem. Soc. Cherb. ii. p. 182 (PI. 6).
Thallus very variable, a t times almost obsolete. Apothecia
biatorine, plane or convex, brightly coloured, partly or very
rarely entirely black ; asci usually 8-spored; spores simple,
colourless. Spermogones with simple rarely jointed sterigmata
and straight very rarely arcuate spermatia.
16. L. cinnaharina Sommerf. in V et. Ak. Handl. p. 115 (1823).
—Thallus effuse, thin, smooth or leprose-graiiulose, whitish
(K+yellowish, CaCl — ). Apothecia adnate or appressed, somewhat
plane and obtusely margined, then convex and immarginate,
cinnabarine-reddish; paraphyses co h e ren t; epithecium reddish
(K 4-rose-coloured) ; hypothecium colourless ; spores oblong or
fusiform, small, 0,008-12 mm. long, 0,002-3 mm. thick ; hymenial
gelatine, especially the asci, bluish with iodine.—Cromb. in
Grevillea xxii. p. 9.
A very distinct species, readily distinguished by the colour of the
apothecia. The thallus, which elsewhere spreads extensively, is
sprinkled with whitish, pulvinate soredia. I t is one of our rarest
lichens, only two fertile British specimens having been gathered,
though the sterile thallus may not be uncommon in the district
cited.H
ab. On the smooth bark of old stunted birches in a wooded
mountainous region.—B. M. Mar Forest, Braemar, Aberdeenshire (the
only locality).
17. L. lucida Ach. Meth. p. 74 (1803).—Thallus effuse, thin,
leprose, rarely granulose, yellow, citrine-yellow or yellowish-green
(K —, CaCl — ). Apothecia minute, scattered, plane or convex,
very thinly margined or immarginate, pale lemon-yellow; spores
oblong-ovoid or narrowly obovate, simple, colourless, minute,
0,004-6 mm. long, 0,0018-25 mm. thick ; hypothecium colourless ;
paraphyses stoutish, coherent; epithecium granulose ; hymenial
gelatine bluish then wine-red with iodine.—S. F. Gray Nat.
Arr i. p. 475; Hook. FI. Scot. ii. p. 40 & in Sm. Fngl. FI. v.
p. 185; Mudd Man. p. 193; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 6 5 ; Leight.
Lich. FI. p. 258 ; ed. 3, p. 254. Lichen lucidus Ach. Prodr. p. 39
(1798); Fngl. Bot. 1 .1550.
Lxsicc. Leight. n. 385; Larb. Caisar. n. 36, Lich. Hb. n. 306.
Easily recognized among the allied species by the colour of the
thallus and of the apothecia. When sterile, as is very frequently the
case in this country, the thallus has a superficial resemblance to th a t
of Coniocybe furfuraoea, for which it might be mistaken. The algal
cells are described by Th. Fries (Lich. Scand. p. 432), as either globose
eugonidia or ellipsoid or oblong leptogonidia. When lignicolous it is
var. /3 theiotea Ach. in Vet. Ak. Handl. 1808, p. 270, Cromb. in
Grevillea i. p. 172, Leight. Lioh. FI. ed. 3, p. 285; and when terri-
colous and herbicolous it is var. y satura Ach. {fide Th. Fries, I. c.).
These, however, are mere states, both of which seem to be very rare
in Great Britain. The apothecia are usually somewhat scattered.
Hab. On shady rocks and walls, seldom on decaying trunks of
trees and grasses on the ground, in lowland and upland situations.—
Distr. General and not uncommon in England, rare in Scotland and
the Channel Islan d s; not seen fertile in Ireland {fide Carroll).—
B. M. Rozel, Jersey; Guernsey; Ightham, Ken t; Dawlish and near
Chagford, Devon; Trellick, Monmouthshire; Knightsford Bridge,
Worcestershire; Llanderfel, near Bala, Cader Idris and Barmouth,
Merioneth; Oswestry, Shropshire ; Ayton Moor, Cleveland, Yorkshire;
near Stavely, Kendal, Westmoreland; New Galloway, Kirkcudbright;
Glen Creran, Argyll; Craigforth, near Stirling; Falls of Tummel and
Glen Fender, Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Killarney, Kerry.
18. L. clavulifera Nyl. in Flora Hi. p. 294 (1869) & Ixiv. p. 539
(1881).—Thallus effuse, thin, granulate or subleprose, the
granules often somewhat scattered, white, greyish-green or
yellowish-green (K —, CaCl — ). Apothecia minute, convex,
immarginate, sordid-oohraceous or testaceous-red, blackish or
black ; paraphyses co h e ren t; epithecium and hypothecium p a le ;
spores oblong or clavate, very minute, 0,004-6 mm. long,
0,001 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine bluish then tawny-wine-red
with iodine.—Cromb. in Grevillea vi. p. 115; Leight. Lich. FI.
ed. 3, p. 255.
A variable plant as to the colour of the thallus and apothecia;
it is, however, well characterized by the minute, clavate spores. The
gonidia are small and minutely clustered. In our saxicolous specimens
(in Lapland, where it was originally gathered, it is corticolous) the
thallus is very thin and more or less scattered. The apothecia are
numerous and constantly convex.
Hab. On shady rocks and stones of walls in an upland situation.
—B. M. Near Clifden, Connemara, Galway (the only locality).
Form subviridicans Nyl. in Flora Ix. p. 463 (1877).—Thallus
greenish. Apothecia and spores as in the type.—Cromb. in
Grevillea vi. p. 115; Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3, p. 255 (error©
Lxsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 29.
Apparently only a state, owing its greener colour to the place of
growth. The single specimen seen is but sparingly fertile.
Hab. On rocks in cave in a mountainous district.—B. M. Dough-
ruagh Mt., Connemara, Galway (the only locality).
19. L. quernea Ach. Meth. p. 62 (1803).—Thallus determinate
or effuse, thinnish or submoderate, minutely granulate-pulverulent,
yellowish or yellowish-green or pale brownish-yellow (K-f-yellow,,
c 2