appearing ; asci somewhat elongate-ovate, 2-8-spored ; spores
ellipsoid or elongate, more or less constricted in the middle, 1- or
more-septate, grouped in the ascus, colourless. Spermogones
small, globose or ovoid with simple sterigmata and rod-like
spermatia.
Growing on trees ; thallus usually light-coloured ; spores l-septate.
1. A. epidermidis Mudd Man. p. 303 (1861) (excl. vars. except
var. atomaria) (non Massal.).—Thallus developed below the bark,
forming greyish or brownish spots or little visible, smooth, effuse
or determinate. Perithecia small, black, hemispherical, semiimmersed,
becoming more or less prominent and shining, sometimes
slightly spreading a t the base ; peritheciai wall dimidiate ;
paraphyses present, more or less branched, entangled or
disappearing ; asci ovate-elongate ; spores oblong or clavate-
oblong, colourless, 1-septate, sometimes slightly constricted, the
cells almost equal in length, sometimes with a mucilaginous coat
(halonate), 0,015-24 mm. long, 0,005-7 mm. thick.—A. nitescens
Mudd I. c. ; Verrucaria epidermidis Fr. Lich. Eur. p. 447 (1831)
pro parte (non Ach. fide Wainio in Helsingf. Faun. &-F1. Fenn.
Meddel. X . p. 187 (1883)); Grev. El. Edin. p. 353? Hook, in
Sm. Engl. El. V . p. 149 piro p a rte ; Tayl. in Mackay El. Hib.
ii. p. 88 pro parte ; Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 40, t. 17, fig. 3
(excl. var. analepta) & Lich. El. p. 431; ed. 3, p. 463 (excl.
vars.) ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 119 (excl. vars.). V. nitescens
Salwey in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Penzance, 1853, p. 140
(e descript.) ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 434 ; ed. 3, p. 467. V. epidermidis
var. nitescens Cromb. I. c.
Exsicc. Carroll Lich. Hib. ii. 31 ; Bohl. n. 63.
Confused withVerrucaria epidermidis Ach. {Leptorhaphis), which is
wholly confined to birch bark and has different spores. The perithecia
are always small and round in outline with the base immersed in the
epidermis of the host.
Hab. On the bark of birch and other trees.—Distr. Somewhat
common in S. and N. England, and in S. and W. Ireland ; Scotland ?
—B. M. Bodmin, Cornwall ; Torquay, Devon ; Malley Wood, New
Forest, Hants; Ulting, Sussex; Shere, Surrey; Cowoombe Wood,
Kemble near Cirencester and Chalford, Gloucestershire ; Bath,
Somerset ; Capel Arthog, Merioneth ; Builth, Brecknockshire ; Trefriw
and Bettws-y-Coed, Carnarvonshire ; near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire
; Eiverstown, Castlemartyr, Carrigaloe, Glanmire and White
Point Harbour, Cork ; Toro Mt., Croghan Mt. and Cromaglown,
Killarney, Loch Inchiquin and Glenoar, Kerry ; Clonmel, Tipperary.
Var. lactea Mudd Man. p. 304 (1861) pro parte.—Thallus
white or whitish, determinate, sometimes surrounded by a dark
line. Perithecia moderate in size, spreading a t the base, shining-
black or partly covered by the thallus, otherwise as in the species.
— Verrucaria punctiformis var. lactea Schær. Enum. p. 220 (1850)
(tioii V. stigmatella var. lactea Ach. fide Muell.-Arg. in Elora
Ixviii. p. 259 (1885)).
Exsicc. Mudd n. 294.
The perithecia are slightly more spreading at the base than iii
the species, iu this character approaching A. analepta.
Hab. On the bark of trees, chiefly sycamore. —Dislr. Eare in
N. England.—B. M. Kildale, Cleveland, Yorkshire.
2. A. punctiformis Am. in Elora Ixviii. p. 160 (1885).—
Thallus developed below the bark, forming dark patches, or the
bark remaining unchanged. Perithecia minute, black, shining,
convex or somewliat conical, semi-immersed or becoming almost
superficial; peritheciai wall dimidiate; asci small, pyriform or
usually angular a t the base with the stalk-cell a t one sid e ;
usually 0,040-60 mm. long, 0,014 mm. thick, sometimes more
swollen ; paraphyses indistinct, mostly obsolete ; spores oblong
or oblong-ovoid, 1-septate, the cells almost equal, 0,014-17 mm.
long, 0,003-5 mm. thick.—A. epidermidis var. punctiformis Mudd
Man. p. 305 (1861) ; var. atomaria Mudd I. c. Verrucaria
../> • T-» TT..i. A ^ i n / i t o i x A r.n
p. 433 ; ed. 3, p. 466 (excl. ff. tremulse and elongatula). V. epidermidis
var. punctiformis Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 281 (1861);
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 19. Lichen punctiformis Ach. Lich. Suec.
Prodr. p. 18 (1798) ; Engl. Bot. t. 2412. L. atomarius Ach. tom.
cit. p. 16? Lejophlea punctiformis S. E. Gray Nat. .Arr. i. p. 496
(1821).
Exsicc. Mudd n. 298 ; Leight. nos. 288, 344.
Differs from the preceding species in the smaller size of all the
parts and in the obsolete paraphyses. Leighton includes in f. dimi-
nutula (var. deminutula Nyl. in Flora li. p. 164 (1868)) forms with
minute perithecia and larger spores, 0,016-22 mm. long, 0,008-4 mm.
thick, but the specimen of f. diminutula in the herbarium, collected
at the same time and place as Leighton’s form (Tore Mt., Killarney),
does not differ from the species, the spores are somewhat elongate
and measure 0,017 mm. long, 0,003-4 mm. thick.
Hab. On the bark of various trees.—Distr. Not uncommon throughout
the British Isles.—R. M. Hurstpierpoint, Sussex ; Chedworth and
Chalford, Gloucestershire; Bath, Somerset; Hay Forest, Herefordshire
; Comberton AVoods, Cambridgeshire ; Hoggart’s AAtood, Ingleby,
and Cliffrigg, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Barcaldine, Lome, Argyll; AVhite
Point, Cork; Croghan, Cromaglown, Dinish, Tore Mt. and Derry-
currihy, Killarney and Glencar, K e rry ; Dublin.
3. A. pyrenastrella Oliv. Exp. Syst. Lich. ii. p. 266 (1900).--
Thallus greyish or brownish, effuse, often indistinct. Perithecia
black, minute, semi-immersed, roundish, solitary or in small
groups confluent a t the base ; peritheciai wall dimidiate; paraphyses
indistinct, breaking up and disappearing; asci cylindrical