156. L. coriacella Nyl. in Flora Ixv. p. 454 (1882).—Thallus
effuse, thinnish or moderate, somewhat smooth, leathery, imbedded
in the rock, greyish-black (K —, CaCl — ). Apothecia
submoderate, innate, opaque, immarginate, blackish, pale within ;
paraphyses moderate, the epithecium brown ; hypothecium colourless;
spores ellipsoid, 0,010-0,012 mm. long, 0,006 mm. th ic k ;
hymenial gelatine bluish, th en tawny wine-red, with iodine.—
Cromb. in Grevillea xii. p 90. Specimen not seen.
Hah. On porphyritio rooks in an upland district in N.W. England
(Red Screes, Westmoreland).
157. L. periplaca Nyl. in Flora Ixv. p. 454 (1882).—-Thallus
determinate, th in or very thin, smoothish, thinly areolate-
rimulose, greyish-black, subbyssoid and applanate-lobate a t th e
circumference. Apothecia small, slightly margined, a t length
somewhat convex, black, pale w ith in ; paraphyses submoderate
epithecium and perithecium brown ; hypothecium colourless;
spores ellipsoid, obtuse a t the apices, 0,009-0,010 mm. long,
0,006 mm. th ic k ; hymenial gelatine bluish then deep yellow, the
asci wine-reddish, with iodine.—Cromb. in Grevillea xii. p. 8L
Specimen not seen.
Distinguished by the form of the thallus a t the circumference,
where it is very thinly or subobsoletely whitish-bordered. The spermogones,
here and there visible, have the spermatia oblong, 0,003-4 mm-
long, 0,0001 mm. thick.
Hah. On stones of a wall near Stavely, Kendal, Westmoreland.
158. L. tenebrica Nyl. in Flora Ixv. p. 454 (1882).—Thallus
subdeterminate, thinnish, unequal, areolate-rimose, dark-greyish
(K —, CaCl). Apothecia ra th e r small, convex, immarginate,
black, within w h itish ; paraphyses not very well discrete;
epithecium and lower stratum of the hypothecium brown ; spores
ellipsoid, 0,010-0,012 mm. long, 0,005-6 mm. th ick ; hymenial
gelatine bluish then tawny-yellow with iodine. — Cromb. in
Grevillea xii. p. 90. Specimen not seen.
Eesembles L. griseoatra. The spermogones have the spermatia-
bacilliform, straight, 0,0035 mm. long, 0,0007 mm. thick.
Hdb. On schistose rooks. Red Screes, Westmoreland.
159. L. contenebricans Nyl. in Flora Ixvi. p. 533 (1883).—■
Thallus indeterminate, submoderate, smoothish, rimose-diffract,
dark-greyish or greyish-brown, within white, (medulla I + K +
yellow, then rusty-red). Apothecia large, somewhat plane,
margined, black, within whitish (the lower stratum dark-brown);
epithecium bluish-black (NOg + violet-red) ; hypothecium reddish-
brown ; spores ellipsoid, 0,010-0011 mm. long, 0,005-6 mm.
th ic k ; hymenial gelatine bluish then tawny-violet, especially th e
asci, with iodine.-—Cromb. in Grevillea xii. p. 90. Specimen
not seen.
Distinguished from L. tenebrica by the larger margined apothecia
and by the chemical reactions.
Hdb. On schistose rooks, sparingly. Red Screes, Westmoreland.
160. L. griseoatra Schær. Enum. p. 101 (1850).—Thallus
subdeterminate, thinnish or submoderate, somewhat smooth,
opaque, rimose-areolate or areolate-granulose, dark- or pale-
greyish or lead-coloured ; the areolæ more or less tumid, crowded
or dispersed (K ip yellowish, CaCl —, medulla I + reddish) ;
hypotballus thin, black. Apothecia small, subinnate, a t length
partly prominent, a t first depressed, then plane, a t times convex,
black, the margin thin, entire or obsolete ; hypotheoium thin,
nearly colourless or brownish ; paraphyses discrete, bluish-black
at the apices; spores ellipsoid, 0,010-17 mm. long, 0,006-8 mm.
thick; hymenial gelatine bluish then sordid, the asci tawny-
wine-red, with iodine.—L. tenehrosa Flot. ex Nyl. in Act. Soc.
Linn. Bord. ser 3, i. p. 373 (1856) ; Mudd Man. p. 204; Cromb.
Lich. Brit. p. 85 ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 281 ; ed. 3, p. 283.
Verrucaria griseoatra Hoffm. Deutschl. El. p. 182 (1795).
Exsicc. Leight. n. 188 (in some sets) ; Cromb. n. 185.
From its appearance this has been placed in Lecanora, near
L. cinerea. The thallus is occasionally partly limited by the hypo-
thallus, which is in young plants radiating. In our specimens the
apothecia are usually numerous and not unfrequently abortive. The
asci are cylindrioal-clavate, somewhat lax, and with the paraphyses
separate readily from the hypothecinm. The spermogones, rarely
present, have the spermatia short, straight, baoillar, 0,006-9 mm. long,
about 0,001 mm. thick {fide Th. M. Fries Lich. Scand. p. 541).
Hab. On rocks in maritime and mountainous districts.—Distr.
Local, though plentiful where it ooours in the Channel Islands,
N. England and Wales, among the Grampians, Scotland ; apparently
rare in S.E. Ireland.—B. M. Noirmont, Jersey; Sark; Malvern
Hills, Worcestershire ; Cader Idris, Barmouth, and Dolgelly, Merioneth ;
Cwm Idwall, N ant Franoon, Carnarvonshire; Windermere, W estmoreland
; Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Achosragan Hill, Appin, Argyll ; Crianlarioh,
Ben Lawers, and Ben-y-gloe, Perthshire ; Portlethen, Kincardineshire
; Glen Callater and Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ;
Ben Nevis, Invernessshire; near Cork.
161. L. fuscocinerea Nyl. in Bot. Not. 1852, p. 177.—Thallus
effuse rimose-areolate, unequal, greyish- or blackish-brown, the
areolæ often warted and tuberoulate (K —, CaCl—, medulla
K + yellow) ; hypothallns blackish. Apothecia moderate, appressed
or adnate, somewhat plane with th in prominent margin,
usually thinly gyrose, variously flexuose or angulose, black ;
hypothecium brownish-black ; paraphyses slender, concrete, dark-
brown a t the clavate apices ; spores subglobose - ellipsoid,
0,010-14 mm. long, 0,007-9 mm. th ick ; hymenial gelatine pale-
bluish then wine-red with iodine.—Leight. Lich. El. ed. 3, p. 285.
Subsequently referred by Nylander (Lich. Scand. p.^ 231) to
L. tenebrosa Flot., which it resembles when the thallus is darker