Forest, H an ts; Dartmoor, Devon; Finchley and Millhill, Middlesex
; Pondlye and Enningham, Sussex; Blstree, H e r ts ; Gopsall
Park, Leicestershire; Ombersley, near Worcester; Bilsdale, Yorkshire ;
Appin, Argyll; Glen Falloch, Craig Calliach, and. Ben Lawers, Pe rth shire
; Countesswells Woods, near Aberdeen ; Lairg, Sutherland.
35. L. perohscura Nyl. in Flora Ivii. p. 9 (1874).—Thallus
effuse, thin, subopaque, black, brownish-black when moist (K - ,
C aC l- ) . Apothecia small, more or less scattered, somewhat
convex, immarginate, black, greyish within ; paraphyses coherent;
epithecium brownish ; hypothecium colourless ; spores ellipsoid,
small, 0,006-8 mm. long, about 0,0035 mm. th i c k h y m e n i a l
gelatine bluish with iodine.—Cromb. in Grevillea ii. p. 140;
Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3, p. 308.
The thallus is at times very thin, becoming nearly evanescent. I t
is allied to L. uliginosa, but differs in the colour of the apothecia
internally, in th a t of the hypothecium and in the much smaller
spores.
Hab. On an old fir paling in a wooded upland district.—A. M.
Near Killin, Perthshire (the only locality).
36. L. epimarta Nyl. in Flora Ix. p. 226 (1877).—Thallus
effuse, minutely depressed-granulate, scattered, whitish (K +
yellow, CaCl — ). Apothecia small, somewhat obconical, plane
above, narrowed below, immarginate, brown, usually rusty-
ochraceous-suffused, internally pale-dusky-ochraceous ; thalamium
somewhat oohraceous ; paraphyses slender, scanty ; hypothecium
thick, solid, nearly colourless or faintly oohraceous ; spores oblong,
minute, 0,006-9 mm. long, 0,0025-35 mm. th ic k ; hymenial
gelatine bluish then (especially the asci) tawny-yellow with
iodine.—Cromb. in Grevillea vi. p. 18; Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3,
p. 266.
A small and singular species, readily distinguished from its more
immediate allies by the form and colour of the apothecia which are
somewhat crowded and prominent, appearing as if tuberculiform. As
observed by Nylander, the epithecial granulations on the application
of K are at once changed into raphides, a peculiar character of the
plant. The spermogones are not present in _ the single specimen,
which was associated with Pycnothelia papillaria.
Hab. On peaty soil in a subalpine district.—B. M. Achosragan
Hill, Appin, Argyll (the only locality).
37. L. aistivalis Ohl. in Schrift. Phys. Ok. Ges. Konigsb. xi.
p. 16 (1870).—Thallus effuse, thin, granulose, yellowish-green,
often evanescent. Apothecia small, convex, immarginate, brownish,
greyish-pruinose, colourless w ith in ; paraphyses in d is tin c t;
hypothecium colourless; spores fusiformi-oblong, 0,015—16 mm.
long, 0,005-6 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine bluish then tawny-
wine-red with iodine.—Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xiv. p. 361 (1876) ;
Leight. Lich. FI. ed. 3, p. 260.
Resembling in appearance Bilimbia metamorphea, of which it may
perhaps be only a variety (see Ohlert, I. c.). I t differs in the firmer
apothecia and the smaller simple spores.
Hah. Incrusting mosses on walls in a maritime district.—D. M.
Killery Bay, Connemara, Galway (the only locality).
38. L. vernalis Ach. Meth. p. 68 (1803) & in Vet. Akad.
Handl. 1808, p. 266.—Thallus effuse, thin, unequal or sub-
granulose-unequal, whitish or greyish-white ( K - , C aC l- ) , a t
times almost obsolete. Apothecia rather small, adnate, convex
shining, immarginate, red or pale-reddish, pale-whitish w ith in !
paraphyses yellowish-brown, in d istin c t; hypothecium colourless ■
spores oblong or ellipsoid-oblong, 0,011-23 mm. long, 0,004-7
. mm. th ic k ; hymenial gelatine slightly bluish then wine-red with
iodine.—S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 470 ; Carroll in Journ. Bot
111. p. 290 (1865); Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 68 pro p a rte ; Leight.
Lich. FI. p. 262 pro p a rte ; ed. 3, p. 259 pro p a r te ; Cromb. in
Grevillea xxii. p. 10. Lichen vernalis Linn. Syst. Nat. iii. p. 234
(1768).
Regarded by Nylander as the typical species of this section. By
earlier authors it was confused w ith other species, especially L. rubella
As noted by Th. Pries (Lich. Scand. p. 429) the plant in Herb. Linn®us
IS a slightly aberrant form of the present species. In its more typical
condition It IS one of the rarest British lichens, though the subspecies
that follows IS rather more frequent. Our few specimens are well
lertile, with the apothecia more or less crowded.
Hab. On decayed mosses upon the ground and on boulders in alpine
situations.—Disir Extremely local and scarce, having been gathered
only very sparmgly on two of the Grampians, and in the west of
Scotland. B M. Above Loch-na-Gat and near the summit of Ben
Lawers Perthshire; Airds, Appin, Argyll; near the summit of Ben-
naboord, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
Subsp. minor Nyl. exNorrl. in Not. Sallsk. Faun. & PI. Penn,
n. ser. xiii. p. 335 (1873).—Thallus th in or very thin, smoothish
or minutely granulose, whitish or pale-greenish. Apothecia subminute,
pale-testaceous ; spores ellipsoid-oblong, 0,010-18 mm.
long, 0,004-5 mm, thick.—L. vernalis form minor iYyl. I. c. v
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 6 8 ; Leight. Lich. FI. ed’ 3
P-. conglomerata Mudd Man. p. 194 (1861); Leiirht
Lich. PI P- 260; ed. 3, p 257. L^subvernalis Stirton in Grevillea
7 f i Lich. FI. ed, 3, p. 308. Lichen conglomeratus
Heyder ex Hoffm. Deutschl. FI. ii p 174 (1795)
Leight n 151; Mudd n. 162 {fide Nyl. in Flora xlvi.
p. /o, as L. vernalis form Gorticalis).
«t Lss developed thallus which
f ®'^!>®y^escent, by the smaller apothecia and spores and the
different substratum. The apothecia are often several conglomerate.
m S f 'A upland wooded d is tr ic ts .-
S c o tL ?® ’"« ° ®r y England and the S. Grampians,
b cotland.-D. M. Oswestry, Shropshire; Bathford Hill, Somerset
L