The thickish, sometimes orbicular thallus is limited and occasionally
intersected by the dark-coloured hypotliallus.
Hah. On calcareous rocks.—Distr. Uncommon in AV. and N.
England, AV. Scotland and in S. and AV. Ireland.—B. M. Houghton,
Gloucestershire; Buxton, Derbyshire; near Eievaulx and Newton
AVood, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Craig Tulloch, Perthshire ; I. of Lismore,
Argyll; Kenmare, Kerry; Dromoland, Clare.
27. V. murina Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 44, t. 19, fig. 3
(1851).—Thallus mouse-grey or brownish, thin, effuse, continuous
and slightly pulverulent or occurring in spots and determinate.
Perithecia small, numerous, semi-immersed, prominent; peritheciai
wall thickish, black, en tire ; spores ellipsoid, 0,018-24 mm. long,
0,006-12 mm. thick.—Mudd Man. p. 291 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 115; Leight. Lich. PI. p. 425; ed. 3, p. 455. V. myriocarpa
Hepp Plecht. Eur. n. 430 (1857); Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 456.
Exsicc. Larb. Licli. Hb. n. 160 (as V. myriocarpa).
Distmguished by the thin continuous thallus and numerous
almost superficial perithecia. Sometimes a black hypotballus forms
a line at the circumference.
Hah. On rocks.—Distr. Eare in S. and N. England and in S. and
AV. Ireland.—B. M. Gloucestershire ; Hartlepool, Durham; Cleghan,
Connemara, Galwaj'.
A^ar. pusilla Arn. in Flora xlvii. p. 599 (1864).—Thallus
bluish-grey, thin, somewhat pulverulent. Perithecia as in the
species ; spores smaller, 0,012-15 mm. long, 0,005-6 mm. thick.—
Verrucaria fugax Deakin in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii.
p. 35 (1854).
Hab. On calcareous rocks.—Distr. Eare in S.AV. England.—
B. M. Torquay, Devon.
28. V. pinguicula Massal. in Lotos vi. p. 80 (1856); emend.
Koerb. Parerg. p. 379 (1863).—Thallus in determinate patches,
cartilaginous, continuous or finely cracked-areolate, umber-brown,
limited by a dark line. Perithecia minute, hemispherical,
immersed, the apex only visible; spores ellipsoid, minute, 0,012
mm. long, 0,004 mm. thick.
Described by Massalongo as having a deeply cracked thallus,
and redescribed as above by Koerber, who says (I. c.) that Massalongo’s
description was incorrect.
Hah. On calcareous rooks.—B. M. Bilsdale, Yorkshire.
29. V. peloclita Nyl. in Flora, Ix. p. 461 (1877).—Thallus
grey or greyish-brown, thin, smooth, cracked-areolate, determinate.
Perithecia semi-immersed, becoming ra th e r prominent; peritheciai
wall black, en tire ; spores oblong, ra th e r small, 0,011-15 mm.
long, 0,005-6 mm. thick.—Cromb. in Grevillea vi. p. 114;
Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 452.
Considered by Nylander (I. c.) as closely allied to V. truncatula, a
Pyrenean lichen. I t strongly resembles F. coerulea, but with smaller
spores.
Hab. On calcareous rocks.—E. M. Twelve Pins, Kylemore,
Connemara, Galway.
Porm continuella Nyl. ex Shackleton & Hebden in Naturalist,
1892, p. 17.— Thallus white, continuous. Specimen not seen.
Hab. On damp rocks (Malham, Yorkshire).
30. V. glaucina Ach. Syn. p. 94 (1814).—Thallus glaucous
or leaden-grey, thiokish, crustaceous-cartilaginous, deeply cracked-
areolate, determinate, the areolæ smooth, plane, edged with the
predominant blackish hypotballus. Perithecia blackish, immersed
one or more in each areola, sometimes confluent, the ostiole becoming
somewhat prominent ; peritheciai wall black, entire ; spores
ellipsoid, 0,010-20 mm. long, 0,005-8 mm. th ic k .-L e ig h t. Lich
Fl. p. 423 ; ed. 3, p. 453. F. polysticta Borr. in Sm. Engl. Bot
Suppl. t. 2741 (1832) (text) ; Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 94
Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 49, t. 21, fig. 5 & Lich. Fl. p. 422
ed. 3, p. 453; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 111. F. viridula var
glaucina Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 675 (1810); Cromb. Lich. Brit
p. 111. F. fuscella var. glaucina Schær. Enum. p. 215 (1850)
Mudd Man. p. 289. Lithocia glaucina S. F. Gray Na t
Arr. i. p. 497 (1821). Endocarpon polystictum Borr. I. c
(plate).
Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 238 (as F. polysticta).
Often confused with F. fuscella on account of the predominant
hypotballus which is visible more or less through the cracks of the
grey thallus and gives the whole plant a dark appearance.
Hdb. On calcareous rooks and walls.—Distr. Not uncommon in
the Channel Islands and S. England, rare in N. and AV. England, also
recorded from N. and S.AV. Ireland.—E. M. Alderney; Plymouth,
Devon ; Little Danny, Glynde, Hurst and Ealmer, Sussex ; Luccomb,
I. of AVight ; Lenham, Kent ; St. Vincent’s, near Bristol, Gloucestershire
; Llanymynaoh, Shropshire ; Saffron AA^alden, Essex ; Northampton
; Bilsdale, Yorkshire; near Cromer, Norfolk; near Stanhope,
Durham.
Subsp. canella A. L. Sm.—Almost similar to the species
bu t with larger somewhat fusiform spores, colourless, becoming
brownish, 0,025-32 mm. long, 0,007-011 mm. thick.—Femtcarm
canella Nyl. in Flora Ixvi. p. 102 (1883) ; Cromb. in Grevillea
xii. p. 91. Specimen not seen.
Hdb. On calcareous rocks.—Distr. Eare in N. AVales (Bangor,
Carnarvonshire).
31. V. fuscella Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 289 (1810). Thallus
dark-greyish-brown, thickish, cartilaginous, deeply cracked-
areolate, the areolæ smooth, bordered with black from the
predominant hypotballus, determinate, Perithecia minute, im