sparingly present, are in their young state plane and margined, the
margin speedily becoming obsolete.
Hab On peaty ground in mountainous regions.—Distr. Onlyl a
few localities in N.W. England, tbe S. and Central Grampians,
Scotland, S.W. and N.E. Ireland.—A. M. Mardale, Westmoreland;
Glen Fallocb and Eannocb, Pertbsbire; near Ballintoy, Antrim.
7. L. Friesii Ach. in Liljebl. Sv. FI. p. 610 (1816).—Thallus
effuse, squamulose, granulóse, cervine or cervine-yellow (K —,
C aC l- ) , the squamules small, rotundate, inflexed, convex-
gibbose, a t times plicate, smooth and shining. Apothecia small,
sessile, black, naked, plicate-crispate, the margin thin, p e rs is te n t;
paraphyses concrete, hypothecium dark-brown ; spores ellipsoid,
0,007-8 mm. long, 0,003-4 mm. th ic k ; hymenial^ gelatine pale-
bluish with iodine.—Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 404,
t. ix. f. 8, 9, 11 (1864) & Lich. FI. p. 253; ed. 3, p. 245 ; Cromb.
Lich. Brit. p. 92. Psora caradocensis Mudd Man. p. 169 pro
parte, t. 3. f. 61 (1861).
Exsicc. Mudd n. 142.
Somewhat similar to and at first sight apt to be taken for Bilimbia
caradocensis, but distinguished by its thallus and spores. The
British plants seen are only sparingly fertile; the spermogones,
rarely present, are verruoseform, black, scattered or conglomerate,
with spermatia oblong or subcylindrioal, straight, about 0,003 mm.
Hab. On decorticated trunks of oak and old palings, in an upland
district.—Aisir. Very local in N. England, but probably to be detected
elsewhere.—A. M. Boysdale, Cleveland and Farndale, Yorkshire.
8. L. ostreata Schser. Spicil. p. 110 (1828).—Thallus effuse,
squamulose, glaucous or pale-olive (K —, CaCl 4- dark-crimson),
the squamules imbricate, reniform, crowded or scattered, ascending
or suberect smooth, crenate, the under side and margins usually
white-pulverulent. Apothecia moderate, scattered, basal on the
squamules, black, slightly glaucous-pruinose, th e margin thin, a t
length flexuose ; hypothecium thick, brownish-black ; paraphyses
concrete, colourless, yellowish in the m a ss; spores 8nate, ellipsoid
or fusiform, simple, small, 0,010-12 mm. long, 0,0025-35 mm.
thick ; hymenial gelatine bluish with iodine.—Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 9 1 ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 253 ; ed. 3, p. 245. Psora ostreata
Hoffm. Deutschl. Flora (1795 h. p. 163); Mudd Man. p. 169.
P . scalaris Hook, in Sm. Engl. FI. v. p. 192 (1833). Lichen
scalaris Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1501 (1805). Lepidoma scalare
S. E. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 461 (1821).
Exsicc. Leight. n. 5 0 ; Mudd n. 141 ; Cromb. n. 188.
When sterile might readily be taken for var. ostreata of Cladonia
macilenta (as noticed in Part I. p. 171), but is a t once distinguished
from this by the different chemical reaction of the thallus. I t spreads
extensively over the substratum, the squamules being either plane or
slightly convex. The apothecia in this country are apparently
extremely rare and occur on only a few of our specimens.
Hab. On old palings, occasionally on trunks of trees, very rarely
erratic on sandstone, in lowland and upland situations.—Aisir. Somewhat
rare in England, but plentiful where it occurs.—A. M. Henham
Suffolk; Hoe Street, Walthamstow, Essex; Hampstead and near
Hendon, Middlesex; Keston, K e n t; near Reigate, Surrey ; Ardingly
(saxicolous), Sussex; New Forest, H an ts; Totteridgeand nearBlstree
Herts; Brentwood, Essex; Twycross, Leicestershire; Hay Park’
Herefordshire; near Worcester and Little Malvern, Worcestershire ’
Harboro’ Magna, Warwickshire ; Haughmond Hill, the Wrekin and
Church Stretton, Shropshire; Westerdale and Stagdale, Cleveland
Yorkshire. ’
Var. f3 myrmecina Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 243 (1861).—Thallus
with the squamules tawny- or chestnut-brown. Apothecia naked.
— Lecidea scalaris var. (3 myrmecina Ach. Meth. p. 78 (1803).
Differs merely in the colour of the thallus and in the constantly
naked apothecia. In the single British specimen, which is only very
sparingly fertile, the squamules are nearly erect.
Hab. On a decorticated stump of an old oak in a wooded upland
situation.—A. M. Bramble Hill, New Forest, Hants.
9. L. acutula Nyl. in Flora Ixix. p. 100 (1886).—Thallus
effuse thm, granuloso-squamulose, greyish-green or greyish-brown
(K - ) , the squamules minute, subimbricate, somewhat convex
and difform. Apothecia small, thin, black, margined, often
angulose and subphcate, the margin thin, somewhat a c u te ; paraphyses
subdiscrete; epithecium and hypothecium olive-brownish
black; Perithecium dark (K + obsoletely purplish); spores
fusiform, 0,012-15 mm. long, 0,0025-35 mm. th ic k ; hymenial
gelatine not tinged bu t the asci wine-reddish with iodine.
Hab. On b ^ k of pine in an upland situation. Pound only at
Staveley, near Kendal, Westmoreland; not seen.
10. L. decipiens Ach. Meth. p. 80 (1803).—Thallus indeterminate,
squamulose, appressed, reddish or pale-flesh-coloured
white b en e a th ; the squamules more or less discrete, subflexuose
or subcrenate, and often whitish a t the margins (K —, C aC l- )
Apothecia marginal, adnate, plane or convex, blackish, the margin
thin, entire, a t length evanescent; hypothecium pale-brown ■
paraphyses concrete, brown towards the apices; spores ovoid or
ellipsoid, 0,012-16 mm. long, 0,005-6 mm. th ick ; hymenial
gelatine bluish with iodine.—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 76 • Leio-ht
^ d e c i p i e n s Ehrh. in Hedw
Stirp. Crypt, ii. p. 7 (1789); Dicks. Crypt, fasc. ii. p. 2 1 ; With'
P lepidoma decipiens
P- (^^21).. Psora decipiens Hook, in
Sm. Engl. El. v. p. 193 (1833); Mudd Man. p. 171.
Exsicc. Leight. n. 334.
Easily recognized by the peculiar colour of the thallus. The
discrete and concave, when the plant has
the aspect of a Peziza, but become plane and at length