somewhat furfuraceous. Perithecia very minute, black, semi-
immersed, the upper p a rt conical, opening by a rather wide ostiole ;
peritheciai wall thin, e n tire ; paraphyses numerous, slender
branched ; asci elongate, slightly narrowed a t each end, about
0,140 ram. long, 0,025 mm. thick ; spores usually 8 in the ascus,
elongate-clavate, the upper cell broader, sometimes with large
guttulæ, colourless, 1-septate, large, 0,032-37 mm. long, 0,010 mm.
thick.
The scanty algal sjmibiont is Trentepohlia, and has the (ffiep
yellow colour of the gonidia of many of the maritime species, in e
spores resemble somewhat those of A. epidermidis, but they are muon
The specimen was collected by J. A. Wheldon.
Hab. On damp sandy shore.—R. M. Formby, Lancashire (the
only locality).
18. A. hryospila A. L. Sm.—Thallus dark-brownish-black,
thin. Perithecia black, minute, prominent, subconical ; ostiole
poriform; peritheciai wall e n tire ; paraphyses distinct, slender,
branched; asci oblong, slightly narrower upwards; spores
usually 8 in the ascus, sometimes 4 or 2, colourless, 1-septate,
0,027-44 mm. long, 0,008-012 mm. th ic k ; hymenial _ gelatine
not tinged with \oàm.&.— Verruc.aria hryospila Nyl. m Plora
xlvii p. 357 (1864) ; Carroll in Journ. Bot. iii. p. 293 (1865) ;
Oromb. Lich. Brit. p. 120; Leight. Lich. PI. p. 438 ; ed. 3,
p. 470.
The British specimens are intermixed and somewhat over-grown
by Dermatocarpon cinereum. There are 8 spores in the ascus, some
of them of rather smaller size than those of the original Norwegian
plant.
Hab. On mosses and schistose soil.—R. M. Ben Lawers, Perthshire
(only British locality).
Parasitic and doubtful species ; spores 1-septate.
19. A. allogena A. L. Sm.—Thallus wanting. Perithecia
black, hemispherical ; peritheciai wall dimidiate ; paraphyses
ind istin ct; spores oblong or slightly clavate-oblong, colourless,
1-septate, one cell slightly thicker, 0,023-37 mm. long,
0,007-9 mm. thick.— Verrucaria allogena Nyl. in Plora xlviii.
p! 357 (1865); Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 461; ed. 3, p. 492^.
V. epidermidis var. allogena Carroll in Jonrn. Bot. iv. p. 25
(1866) ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 120.
Eetained in this genus on account of the dimidiate apothecium, a
strongly lichenological character. The spores are very like those oi
A. epidermidis, of which Nylander thought it might possibly be a
variety.
Hab. Parasitic on the thallus of Rhizocarpon petræum var.
excentricum.—R. M. Ben Lawers, Perthshire (the only locality).
20. A. (?) colleta A. L. Sm.—Thallus black, thin, continuous.
Perithecia black, small, diameter 0 ' l - ’2 mm. in diameter,
spherical, a t times almost aggregate; peritheciai wall e n tire ;
spores 8 in the ascus, colourless, fusiform, often constricted a t
the middle, 1-septate, large, 0,032-45 mm. long, 0,010-13 mm.
thick ; paraphyses very in d istin c t; hymenial gelatine within the
asci wine-red with iodine, the rest untinted.—Verrucaria colleta
Stirton in Grevillea iii. p. 37 (1874); Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3,
p. 468. Specimen not seen.
Stirton states that the “ gonidia are seen interspersed, having, in
many instances, a diameter from 0'016-20 mm., but it is questionable
whether they lielong to the thallus of this lichen.” An aberrant
species, possibly a pyrenomycetous fungus.
Hdb. On Qymnomitrium concinnatum on Ben Lawers.
Maritime species growing on rocks by ihe sea ; spores
1- (rarely 3-) septate.
21. A. litoralis A. L. Sm.—Thallus evanescent. Perithecia
minute, black, scattered, prominent, or semi-immersed; peritheciai
wall dimidiate or subentire ; paraphyses scanty, d is tin c t; asci
cylindrical or slightly swollen; spores oblong-ovate, colourless,
1-septate, the upper cell sometimes thicker, 0,012—19 mm. long,
0,005-7 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine brown with iodine.—
Verrucaria litoralis Tayl. ex Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 46, t. 20,
fig. 2 (1851), & Lich. Fl. p. 440 ; ed. 3, p. 470 (non Tayl. in
Hook. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 154 (1847)) ; Carroll in Journ. Bot. iii.
p. 293 (1865) ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 120. V. consequens Nyl.
in Flora xlvii. p. 357 (1864) (fide Wedd. in Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat.
Cherb. xix. p. 306 (1875)); Jones in Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc.
Dublin iv. i. p. 149 (1864). V. sublitoralis Leight. Lich. PI.
p. 435 (1871); ed. 3, p. 461.
Hab. On shells or on rocks by the sea.—Distr. Eare in
S. England, Wales and S. and N. Ireland.—R. M. Between
Seaton and Beer and Mudstone Bay, Brixham, Devon; Goodwick
Bay, Manorbeer and Tenby, Pembrokeshire; Eobin Hood’s Bay,
Yorkshire; Ballinahassig, Cork ; Glenarm, Antrim.
22. A. foveolata A. L. Sm.—Thallus thin, faintly yellowish-
green or evanescent. Perithecia minute, black, almost completely
immersed, leaving small pits in the substratum ; peritheciai wall
subentire, black above, brown below; paraphyses very scanty or
wanting, not mucilaginous; asci cylindrical-clavate, 0,070-80
mm. long, 0,017 mm. thick, 8-spored ; spores 1-septate, colourless,
oblong-ovate, thinner a t the ends, 0,015-18 mm. long,
0,006-7 mm. thick.
Very near the preceding species in habitat and form of spores, but
differing in size and degree of immersion of perithecia.
Hab. On shells by the sea-shore.—R. M. Eobin Hood’s Bay, Yorkshire
(collected by Mr. B. M. Holmes).