Exsicc. Cromb. n. 196; Larb. Lich. Hb. nos. 154, 27/ (as
A. siihexcedens).
Hab. On hoWj.—Distr. Eare in S. England and in S. and W.
Ireland.—A. M. Withiel, Cornwall ; Ivybridge, Devon ; New Forest,
H an ts; Bridge Park, Essex; St. Leonard’s Forest, Sussex; Glenbower
Wood, Cork ; near Derrycurrihy, Cromaglown, Croghan and
Tore Mt., Killarney, Kerry ; Ballynahinch, Lough Inagh and Kylemore,
Connemara, Galway.
Spores 3-5-septate, cells equal in size.
16. A. cascarillæ Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 394 (1871); ed.^ 3,
p. 418.—Thallus pallid-glaucous, thin. Apothecia_ blackish,
minute, simple, plane, oblong, or linear-oblong or irregularly
difform by confluence ; spores elongate, colourless, 4-5 septate.
Coniocarpon cascarillæ Fée Ess. Crypt, p. 99, t. 15, f. 4 (1824)
& Suppl. p. 94, t. 42, f. 3 (1837). Specimen not seen.
Hab. On hark.—Distr. Reported from Glenoar, Kerry and Kylemore,
Connemara, Galway, though Leighton (ll. c.) questions the
identity of these plants. Those he examined had spores 3-septate,
with a large upper cell ; while Fee’s figure represents 4-septate spores,
the cells equal in size.
17. A . p r u i n a t a Steudel Nomencl. Bot.p. 267 (1824).—Thallus
broadly effused, tartareous, th in whitish or pale-yellow, cracked and
uneven, somewhat pulverulent (K+yellow, CaCl+ rose-coloured).
Apothecia brownish or lead-coloured, appressed, irregularly
roundish or oblong, plane or slightly convex,rough, white-pruinose;
spores linear-obovate, colourless, usually 4-, rarely 3- or 5-septate,
the cells equal in size, 0,014-20 mm. long, 0,006-8 mm. thick ;
hymenial gelatine blue then wine-red with iodine.—A. pruinosa
Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 147, t. 1, f. 3 (1810) ; S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i.
p. 480 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 103 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 400 ; ed. 3,
p. 424. A. impolita Borr. in Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2692, f. 1
(1831) ; Hook, in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 143 ; TayL in Mackay FL
Hib. ii. p. 104 ; Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii.
p. 440, t. 8, f. 35 (1854); Mudd Man. p. 248. Fatellaria
pruinata Pers. in Ust. Ann. Bot. vii. p. 28 (1794). Verrucaria
impolita Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. ii. p. 172 (1795). Lichen impolitus
Ehrh. Crypt, n. 274 (1793) nomen; Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 981, f. 1
(1802).
Exsicc. Leight. n. 131 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 114.
Hab. On old oaks, ivy, elm, yew and old timber.—Distr. Frequent
in England, recorded also from Wales and Ireland.—A. M. Castle
Hornook, Penzance, Cornwall ; Lustleigh, Devon ; Lyndhurst, New
Forest ; Shiere, Surrey ; Hurstpierpoint, Sussex ; Ulting, Essex ;
near Oaksey, Wilts ; Twycross, Leicestershire ; Hay Wood, Herefordshire
; Ballenhall, Worcestershire ; Llanrwst, Denbighshire ; Oswestry,
Shropshire ; lokworth Park, Suffolk ; Kildare, Cleveland, Yorkshire ;
Bishop Auckland, Durham ; Tralee, Kerry ; Adare, Limerick.
18. A. radiata Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 144 (1810) (inch vars.).—
Thallus developed under the bark, forming whitish or "revish
determinate patches, sometimes with a dark outline. ApMhecia
small, dark-brown, rough, innate, clustered in substellate or
radiate groups, pale within, the epithecium dark-brown ; spores
linear-clavate, 3-septate, rounded a t the ends, the cells equal in
size, colourless, sometimes with a clear epispore, 0,012-20 mm.
long, 0,004-6 mm. th ic k ; hymenial gelatine blue then violet,
the asci and spores wine-red, with iodine.—A. astroidea Ach. in
Schrad. Neu. Journ. Bot. i. 3, p. 17, t. 4, f. 4 (1806) & Syn. p. 6
(1814) (excl. var. anastomosans); Hook. El. Scot. ii. p. 36; S. E
Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 479 ; Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.’sei- 2
xiii. p. 438, t. 8, f. 32 (1854) & Lich. FI. p. 396; ed. 3, p. 419;
Mudd Man. p. 246 (inch var. anastomosans (non Ach.)) ; Cromb.
Lich. Brit. p. 103 pro parte. Opegrapha radiata Pers. in Ust.
Ann. Bot. vii. p. 29 (1794). 0. astroidea Ach. Meth. p. 25
(1803); Engl. Bot. t. 1847. Lichen astroites Ach. Lich. Suec
Prodr. p. 24 (1798).
Exsicc. Baxt. Stirp. Crypt, n. 22 ; Mudd nos. 227, 229 (as
var. anastomosans) ; Leight. n. 289 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 112.
Hab. On smooth bark of trees in wooded regions.—Aisir. General
and common throughout the British Isles.—A. M. Sark ; St. Breook,
Cornwall; Ilsham, Torquay; Lydford, near Lustleigh and Ullacombe!
Devon; Lyndhurst, New Forest, Hants; St. Leonard’s, Hurstpierpoint
and Glynde, Sussex; Ightham, Kent; Shiere, Surrey; Epping
Forest, Hockley Woods and Ulting, Essex; Windsor Forest, Berks;
Gopsall Park, Leicestershire; Malvern, Worcestershire; Edderton
Wood, Montgomeryshire ; Builth, Brecknockshire ; Barmouth,
Merioneth; Bettws-y-Coed, Carnarvonshire; near Buxton, Derbyshire
; Cottishall, Norfolk ; Easby Wood and Cliffrigg, Cleveland, Yorkshire
; Hexham, Northumberland; near Edinburgh ; Pearsie, Forfarshire
; Glen Falloch, Glen Lochay, Finlarig, Killin and Aberfeldy,
Perthshire ; Appin and Barcaldine, Argyll; Hill of Ardo and Morrone,
Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Fort William, Invernessshire; Appleoross!
Eossshire ; Killarney, Kerry; Killaloe, Clare.
Yar. Swartziana Sydow Elecht. Deutschl. p. 243 (1887).__
Thallus whitish or olivaceous, subdeterminate. Apothecia black,
plane, clustered into irregular angular sometimes elongate shapes!
—Arthonia Swartziana Ach. in Schrad. Neu. Journ. Bot i 3
p. 13, t. 4, f. 1 (1806); Engl. Bot. t. 2079 ; S. E. Gray’Nat!
Arr. i. p. 479 ; Hook, in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 143 ; Tayl. in Mackay
Fl. Hib. ii. p. 104; Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2 xiii
p. 439 (1854) & Lich. El. p. 397 ; ed. 3, p. 420 (inch A. astroidea
var. simulans Leight.). A. astroidea var, Swartziana Hepp Elecht
Eur. n. 352 (1857); Mudd Man. p. 246; Cromb. Lich. Brit'
p. 103.
Exsicc. Mudd n. 228; Leight. n. 70.
Differs from the species in the more compact ardellie, which are
irregular in outline rather than distinctly stellate or radiate. When