indicated merely by scattered gonidia among the fibres of the
substratum.
Hab. On old fir palings in upland tracts of mountainous districts.
—Distr. Seen only from among the Grampians, Scotland, where
it is not infrequent.—B. M. Glen Orchy, Argyll ; Glen Falloch,
Glen Lochay, Ben Lawers, Pass of Killiecrankie, and Glen Fender,
Perthshire ; Crathie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Eothiemurchus Woods,
Invernessshire.
Yar. pallens Nyl. in Mém. Soc. Cherb. v, p. 128 (1857).—
Thallus as in the species. Apothecia ra th e r smaller, pale or
pale-brown.—Cromb. in Grevillea i. p. 173 ; Leight. Lich. Fl.
ed. 3, p. 391.
Differs only in the paler colour of the apothecia, though at times
they are here and there concolorous with those of the type.
Hab. On old fir palings in mountainous districts.—Distr. Found
sparingly in a few localities among the S. Gramp>ians, Scotland.—B. M.
Achmore, Glen Lochay, Killin and Pass of Killiecrankie, Blair
Athole, Perthshire.
Form elliptica Nyl. ex Cromh. in Journ. Bot. xi. p. 135
(1873) nomen; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 391 (1879). Apothecia
shorter, oblong or difform, blackish or brown.—X scaphoidea
Stirton in Grevillea iii. p. 35 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. I. c.
Differs in the form of the apothecia, which vary also in colour
according to age and exposure.
Hah. On old palings and denudate trunks of trees in mountainous
regions.—Distr. Here and there among the Grampians, Scotland.—
B. M. Achmore, Killin, Ben Lawers and Pass of Killiecrankie, Pe rth shire
; Crathie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Eothiemurchus, Invernessshire.
2. X. laricicola Nyl. in Flora Iviii. p. 13 (1875).— Thallus
effuse, very thin, greyish-white (K —, CaCl — ), often scarcely,
visible. Apothecia superficial, minute, oblong or slightly flexuose,
a t length somewhat applanate with evanescent margin, black,
opaque, within whitish ; epithecium brown ; paraphyses absent
or abnormal (membranaceous) ; hypothecium brown ; spores
ellipsoid, 0,012-15 mm. long, 0,007-8 mm. th ick ; hymenial
gelatine tawny-wine-coloured with iodine.—Cromb. in Grevillea
iii. p. 128; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 391.
Exsicc. Cromb. n. 97.
Interesting as occurring on living trees. The apothecia are somewhat
irregularly scattered.
Hab. On the bark of an old larch tree, near its base, in an upland
mountainous region.—B. M. Ben Lawers, Perthshire (the only
locality).
3. X. spilomatica Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. p. 639 (1874).—
Thallus effuse, greyish-white, thinnish, with numerous yellowish-
green soredia (K —, CaCl — ). Apothecia erumpent, subminute.
innate, sessile, roundish or difform, plane, reddish or sordid-
yellowish-recl, thinly margined ; hypothecium colourless; para-
ITnTnfr] pale-brownish a t the apices ; spores
ellipsoid, 0,008-12 mm. long, 0,004-6 mm. th ic k ; hymenial
iodine.— Agyrium spilomaticum
Anzi in Comm. Soc. Critt. Ital. ii. p. 20 (1864).
The sorediate thallus, which, as noticed by Th. Fries is often
tf e 'n l’a u r Th ‘**^Sn°stic characters, readily’identifies
are e ifw + apothecia, sparmgly visible in the British specimen,
less S u g a te ! ” conglomerate, and in the latter case more or
- / i :
(PI ^24 P' (1874).
Thallus effuse Algal cells Palmella. Apothecia elongate,
compound, with 2 to 4 parallel hymenia ; margins prominent
incurved , hypothecium black, carbonaceous ; spores 8 in the
ascus, simple, colourless.
i i ” »' “■» b j the
J - C . - T h a l l u s effuse, in thin
greyish-white spots or nearly obsolete (K - , CaCl - ). Apothecia
si ghtly prominent, plane above, margined, black, concolorous
I S i longitudinally 1 -or 3-plicate, subiucolorous;
hypothecium and perithecium bla ck ; spores ellipsoid, 0,011-14
mm. longj 0,006-7 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine wine-red with
iodine —Cromb m Journ. Bot. xii. p. 257, t. 150 (1874) ■
Leight. Lich. PI. ed. 3, p. 392. \
Exsicc. Cromb. n. 192.
Might at &st sight be taken for Xylographa parallela, which it
h o w m “ ’ “ f grouping of the apothecia. It is,
however, at once separated by the peculiar character of the hymenia.
Hah. On a decorticated trunk of Pyrus Aucuparia in a subalpine
l i r £ % ) . Calliach, Killin, Perthshire (the
88. e n c e p h a l o g r a p h a Massai. Geneac. Lich. p. 13 (1854).
Melanospora Mudd Man. p. 226 (1861). (PI. 25 )
Thallus effuse, crustaceous. Algal cells Palmella. Apothecia
sessile usually m groups, elongate, roundish or angular, simple or
blanched ; disc usually narrow ; hypothecinm carbonaceous, black;
spoies 5 to 8 in the ascus; colourless to dark-brown, 1-septate.
E. cerebrina Massai. Misc. Lich. p. 49 (1856).—Thallus sub-
determinate, thickish, tartareous, chalky-white. Apothecia black,
scattered or congregate, sessile, oblong, roundish or angular, thè